You are here » home advanced search Natrix maura

Natrix maura (LINNAEUS, 1758)

IUCN Red List - Natrix maura - Least Concern, LC

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Natrix maura?

Add your own observation of
Natrix maura »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Viperine Water Snake
G: Vipernatter
Italian: natrice viperina 
SynonymColuber maurus LINNAEUS 1758: 219 (?)
Coluber maurus — LINNAEUS 1766
Coluber viperinus SONNINI & LATREILLE 1802
Natrix cherseoides WAGLER 1824
Natrix ocellata WAGLER 1824
Coluber viperinus aurolineatus GRVIS 1836
Tropidonotus viperinus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 560
Tropidonotus cherseoides vel ocellatus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 562
Tropidonotus viperinus — BOIE 1858
Tropidonotus viperinus — BOETTGER 1885
Tropidonotus viperinus — BOULENGER 1893: 235
Tropidonotus viperinus — BOULENGER 1913
Natrix viperina — FEJERVARY 1927
Tropidonotus viperinus — LAURENT 1935: 347
Natrix viperina var. aurolineata — HEDIGER 1935
Natrix viperina — LOVERIDGE 1936
Natrix maura — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Natrix maura — SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996: 505
Natrix maura — WALLACH et al. 2014: 476
Natrix maura — KWET & TRAPP 2015 
DistributionSpain (introduced to the Balearic islands, Iles d'Hyéres, Mallorca, Menorca), Portugal, Gibraltar, France, SW Switzerland, NW Italy, Sardinia,
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Galita Island

Type locality: “Algiriae” [= Algeria]  
Reproductionoviparous. N. tessellata hybridizes with N. natrix and N. maura (Mebert 2011). 
TypesHolotype: lost fide Kramer and Schnurrenberger, 1963: 513.
Lectotype: ZSM 2692/0/1 (ZSMH 2692/0 A in Hoogmoed & Gruber 1983), male [cherseoides]
Holotype: Uncatalogued specimen(s) (lost) [Natrix ocellata]
Holotype: ZISP ?, cat. no. unknown [persa]
Holotype: ZISP ?, cat. no. unknown [scutata] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “Kleinste, bis maximal 1 m GL erreichende europäische Art. 21 (19) Schuppenreihen in der Körpermitte. 7 Supralabialia, von denen das dritte und vierte ans Auge stoßen. 142-160 Ventralia, 44-73 paarige Subcaudalia. Tiere aus gewissen Populationen (s. u.) können von den beiden anderen europäischen Vertretern der Gattung Natrix z. T. nur unter Berücksichtigung mehrerer Merkmale unterschieden werden.” (Schätti 1999: 483)


Additional details (1068 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: Not in Corsica, although Fons et al (1991) reported dubious observations, but the presence of population has never been confirmed (M. Delaugerre, pers. comm., 6 Aug 2013). Natrix cherseoides and Natrix ocellata WAGLER 1824 are listed in his (and SPIX’s) Serpentum brasiliensium (??). For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013.

Hybridization: there is some evidence that Natrix astreptophora and Natrix maura can hybridize in Spain (de la Vega et al. 2022).

Genome: the genome of this and the 4 other species of Natrix were sequenced by Schöneberg ert al. 2023. 
References
  • Ashega, C. A. 2012. Natrix maura (viperine snake) diet: scavenging. Herpetological Review 43: 346-347 - get paper here
  • Aubret, Fabien; Gaëlle Blanvillain, Philippe J. R. Kok 2015. Myth busting? Effects of embryo positioning and egg turning on hatching success in the water snake Natrix maura. Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/srep13385 - get paper here
  • Aubret, Fabien; Mélodie Tort and Tom Sarraude 2015. Evolution of alternative foraging tactics driven by water temperature and physiological constraints in an amphibious snake. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 115 (2), DOI: 10.1111/bij.12520 - get paper here
  • Ayres, Cesar 2012. Scavenging in the genus Natrix. Acta Herpetologica 7 (1): 171-174 - get paper here
  • Barata, M.; D.J. Harris, and R. Castilho 2008. Comparative phylogeography of northwest African Natrix maura (Serpentes: Colubridae) inferred from mtDNA sequences. African Zoology 43 (1): 1–7 - get paper here
  • BARBADILLO, L.J. 1983. About the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the province of Burgos. Goal. I am. Cat. Ictio. Herp. 5-10-10-7 - get paper here
  • Bassu, L.; V. Nulchis, M. G. Satta, C. Fresi & C. Corti 2008. Atlas of amphibians and reptiles of Sardinia - state of the art and general considerations. Herpetologia Sardiniae (Claudia Corti, ed.), Edizioni Belvedere, 504 pp.
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Jonathan C. DeBoer , Dylan J. Taylor 2017. Atlas of the Reptiles of Libya. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 64 (8): 155-318 - get paper here
  • Beddek M, Zenboudji-Beddek S, Geniez P, Fathalla R, Sourouille P, Arnal V, et al. 2018. Comparative phylogeography of amphibians and reptiles in Algeria suggests common causes for the east-west phylogeographic breaks in the Maghreb. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0201218 - get paper here
  • Bergmans, H. 1976. Die Vipernatter, Natrix maura. Aquarien Terrarien Z. 29,<br>318-320.
  • Berroneau, M. et al. 2010. Guide des Amphibiens et Reptiles d’Aquitaine. Association Cistude Nature, 180 pp.
  • Bezaz, Y. I., Hadjab, R., Khammar, H., Redjaimia, L., & Saheb, M. 2021. First data on the diversity of the herpetofauna of the Oum El Bouaghi Region (Northeast of Algeria). Ecol. Env. & Cons. 27 (3): 983-989
  • Boettger, O. 1879. Amphibien aus Südportugal. Z. ges. Naturwiss. 52: 497-534 - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1885. Liste der von Hrn. Dr. med. W. Kobelt in Algerien und Tunisien gesammelten Kriechtiere. In W. Kobelt (editor), Reiseerinnerungen aus Algerien und Tunis. Berichte der Senckenbergischen Naturforschungs Gesellschaft 1885: 452–475 - get paper here
  • Bol, S.C. 1992. Breeding results: Natrix maura. Litteratura Serpentium 12 (1): 23 - get paper here
  • Bosch, H.A.J. in den & C.J.M. Musters 1987. Scalation and Skull Morphology of a Cyclopian Natrix maura Journal of Herpetology 21 (2): 107-114. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1913. The snakes of Europe. Methusen & Co. Ltd, London, 151 pp.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1891. Catalogue of the reptiles and batrachians of Barbary (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia), based chiefly upon the notes and collections made in 1880-1884 by M. Fernand Lataste. Tr. Zool. Soc. 13: 93-164
  • CASTRO-EXPÓSITO, ARANCHA DE; ENRIQUE GARCÍA-MUÑOZ & FRANCISCO GUERRERO. 2021. Reptile diversity in a Mediterranean wetlands landscape (Alto Guadalquivir region, southeastern Spain): are they affected by human impacts? Acta Herpetologica 16(1): 27–36. - get paper here
  • Cortés, J.E. 1982. The herpetofauna of Gibraltar - status, recent history and current research. British Journal of Herpetology 6: 273-275 - get paper here
  • Corti, C., Biaggini, M., Nulchis, V., Cogoni, R., Cossu, I. M., Frau, S., ... & Bassu, L. 2022. Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Sardinia, Italy. Acta Herpetologica, 17(2), 125-133
  • Corti, C., Haj, S. B., Nouira, S., Ouni, R., Rivière, V., Delaugerre, M. J., & Cascio, P. L. 2022. The Herpetofauna of the Tunisian islands. Naturalista Siciliano, 4(66), 117-124
  • del Canto, R., and S.D. Busack. 2011. Natrix maura (Viperine Snake). Non–accidental saltwater activity. Herpetological Review 42: 295–296 - get paper here
  • DI NICOLA, MATTEO RICCARDO 2019. A revised dichotomous key to the snakes of Italy (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), according to recent systematic updates. Zootaxa 4686 (2): 294–296 - get paper here
  • Engelmann, W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Escoriza D 2018. Patterns of occurrence of semi-aquatic reptiles in highly invaded Mediterranean rivers. NeoBiota 38: 23-35 - get paper here
  • FEJERVARY De, G.J. 1927. On a small collection of Reptiles from Morocco. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 20: 512-518 - get paper here
  • Feriche, M≤nica;Pleguezuelos, Juan M.;Cerro, Angeles 1993. Sexual dimorphism and sexing of mediterranean colubrids based on external characteristics. Journal of Herpetology 27 (4): 357-362 - get paper here
  • Fernández-Ortín, Daniel; Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Íñigo Martínez-Solano 2019. A catalogue of reptiles of Monfragüe National Park (Spain), with molecular characterization of populations of Blanus WAGLER, 1830 in this protected area. Basic and Applied Herpetology - get paper here
  • Filippakopoulou, Aikaterini; Xavier Santos, Mónica Feriche, Juan M. Pleguezuelos, Gustavo A. Llorente 2014. Effect of prey availability on growth-rate trajectories of an aquatic predator, the viperine snake Natrix maura. Basic and Applied Herpetology 28: 35-50 - get paper here
  • Fons, R. H. Saint Girons, M. Salotti, M. Cheylan & J. P. Clara 1991. Contribution à la faune herpétologique des Iles Méditerranéennes: Présence de la Couleuvre viperine Natrix maura (Reptilia, Colubridae) en Corse. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 42: 181-186 - get paper here
  • Galán, Pedro 2014. Herpetofauna del Parque Natural das Fragas do Eume (A Coruña): distribución, estado de conservación y amenazas. Basic and Applied Herpetology 28: 113-136 - get paper here
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Gómez, David; Josep Roig & Guillem Giner 2011. Dos casos de melanisme en Natrix maura (Linnaeus, 1758) (Squamata: Colubridae) a Sant Celoni (Vallès Oriental; Catalunya). Bull. Soc. Catalana d’Herp. 19 - get paper here
  • Granger 1891. Recherche et Préparation des Reptiles. Le Naturaliste (2) 5: 120 - get paper here
  • Gregory, Patrick T.; Isaac, Leigh Anne 2005. Close encounters of the worst kind: patterns of injury in a population of grass snakes (Natrix natrix). The Herpetological Journal 15: 213-219 - get paper here
  • Gruber, U. 2009. Die Schlangen Europas, 2. Aufl. Kosmos Naturführer, 266 pp.
  • Guicking, Daniela; Ulrich Joger and Michael Wink 2008. Molecular phylogeography of the viperine snake Natrix maura (Serpentes: Colubridae): Evidence for strong intraspecific differentiation. . Organisms Diversity & Evolution 8 (2): 130-145 - get paper here
  • Hanscom, R. J., Higham, T. E., Ryan, D., & Clark, R. W. 2023. Ambush hunting in snakes: behaviour, function, and diversity. In: D. Penning (ed.), Snakes: morphology, function, and ecology. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers - get paper here
  • Hediger, H. 1935. Herpetologische Beobachtungen in Marokko. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 46: 1-49
  • Jansen, R. 1983. Breeding results: Natrix maura. Litteratura Serpentium 3 (6): 217-218 - get paper here
  • Joger, U.; Fritz, U.; Guicking, D.; Kalyabina-Hauf, S.; Nagy, Z.T. & Wink, M. 2007. Phylogeography of western Palaearctic reptiles – Spatial and temporal speciation patterns. Zoologischer Anzeiger 246: 293–313 - get paper here
  • Kabisch, Klaus 2023. Bilddokumentation zum Klettervermögen der Würfelnatter Natrix tessellata (laurenTi, 1768). Sauria 45 (1): 25-31
  • Klesius, T. 2009. Die Vipernatter Natrix maura. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 64 pp. - get paper here
  • Kolodziej, K. 2019. Lebende Fossilien und neue Arten – herpetologische Highlights vom nordwestitalienischen Festland. Reptilia (Münster) 24 (137): 72-79 - get paper here
  • Kolodziej, K. & Cenker, C. 2010. Unterwegs im Schmelztiegel der Arten - Herping in Marokko. Elaphe 2020 (3): 14-25
  • Kramer, E. & H. SCHNURRENBERGER 1963. Systematik, Verbreitung und Ökologie der Libyschen Schlangen. Rev. Sui. Zool. 70 (3): 453-568 - get paper here
  • Kreiner, G. 2009. Die Schlangen Nordspaniens - Reiseeindrücke aus dem Kantabrischen Gebirge und angrenzenden Gebieten. Draco 10 (39): 38-48 - get paper here
  • Kühnel, D. 2002. Natrix maura (LINNAEUS). Sauria (Suppl.) 24 (3): 569-572 - get paper here
  • Kwet, A. 2010. Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, 252 pp.
  • Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Liste der Reptilien Europas. Draco 15 (60): 72-79 - get paper here
  • Lantermann, W. & Y. Lantermann 2016. Vipernattern zum Frühstück. Beobachtungen an Natrix maura in Süd-Portugal. Reptilia 21 (119): 52-54
  • Laurent, P. 1935. Contribution à la connalssance de la faune des Vertebres du Maroc (Batraciens, Reptiles, Mammiferes). Bull. Soc. d’Hist. nat. de l’Afrique du Nord 26: 344-359
  • Linnaeus, C. [= Linné, C. von] 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp. - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Luiselli, Luca; Filippi, Ernesto; Capula, Massimo 2005. Geographic variation in diet composition of the grass snake (Natrix natrix) along the mainland and an island of italy: the effects of habitat type and interference with potential competitors. The Herpetological Journal 15: 221-230 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 1982. Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien in Portugal. Salamandra 18 (3-4): 218-299 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 1983. Nachtrag zur Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals. Salamandra 19 (1-2): 71-83 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 1990. Herpetofaunistische Daten aus Nordostportugal. Salamandra 26 (2-3): 165-176 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 1995. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals, Madeiras und der Azoren. Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Bd. 621. Westarp Wissenschaften (Magdeburg)/Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (Heidelberg)
  • Malkmus, R. 1996. Die gestreifte Form der Vipernatter (Natrix maura) aus Portugal. Salamandra 32 (4): 285-286 - get paper here
  • Martínez del Mármol, Gabriel; D. James Harris, Philippe Geniez, Philip de Pous, and Daniele Salvi 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Morocco. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 478 pp - get paper here
  • Mebert, Konrad, Benny Trapp, Andrea Dall’Asta, Petr Velenský & Wolfgang Böhme 2011. Hybrids between Natrix tessellata and N. natrix/maura. Mertensiella 18: 154-157
  • Mediani, Mohamed; José Carlos Brito, Soumia Fahd 2015. Atlas of the amphibians and reptiles of northern Morocco: updated distribution and patterns of habitat selection. Basic and Applied Herpetology 29: - get paper here
  • Metzger, C., S. Ursenbacher & P. Christe 2009. Testing the competitive exclusion principle using various niche parameters in a native (Natrix maura) and an introduced (N. tessellata) colubrid Amphibia-Reptilia, 30(4): 523-531. - get paper here
  • Mosauer, W., and K. Wallis 1927. Macroprotodon cucullatus Geoffr. subspecies nova melanocephala und Tropidonotus (Natrix) viperinus Latr. aberratio nova Nigra, zwei Schlangenfunde aus Tunesien. Zool. Anz. 72:305-310
  • Mouane, A., Harrouchi, A. K., Ghennoum, I., Sekour, M., & Chenchouni, H. 2024. Amphibian and reptile diversity in natural landscapes and human-modified habitats of the Sahara Desert of Algeria: A better understanding of biodiversity to improve conservation. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 12(1) - get paper here
  • Naulleau, G. 1987. Les serpents de France, 2.ed. Rev. Francaise d'Aquariologie, Herpet. (Nancy) 56 pp. - get paper here
  • Nijs, Jef 2000. An unusually large prey swallowed by a European Viperine Snake (Natrix maura) Podarcis 1 (2): 36-37 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Patterson, J.W. & P.M.C. Davies 1982. Predatory Behavior and Temperature Relations in the Snake Natrix maura Copeia 1982 (2): 472-474. - get paper here
  • Perpiñán, David 2009. Intento de predación de Natrix maura (Linnaeus, 1758) sobre un ejemplar de Timon lepidus (Daudin, 1802). Butll. Soc. Cat. Herp. 18: 98-100
  • Pfau, J. 1988. Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Herpetofauna in der Niederalgarve (Portugal). Salamandra 24 (4): 258-275 - get paper here
  • Pinya, Samuel and Miguel A. Carretero. 2011. The Balearic herpetofauna: a species update and review on the evidence. Acta Herpetologica 6 (1): 59-80 - get paper here
  • Pottier G., Paumier J.-M., Tessier M., Barascud Y., Talhoët S., Liozon R., D’Andurain P., Vacher J.-P., Barthe L., Heaulmé V., Esslinger M., Arthur C.-P., Calvet A., Maurel C. & Redon H. 2008. Atlas de répartition des reptiles et amphibiens de Midi-Pyrénées. Les atlas naturalistes de Midi-Pyrénées. Nature Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, 126 pp.
  • Rouag R, Ziane N, De Sousa M 2024. A tentative list of reptilian fauna of Algeria and their conservation status. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e120471 - get paper here
  • Salvi, Daniele; Pierluigi Bombi 2010. Reptiles of Sardinia: updating the knowledge on their distribution. Acta Herpetologica 5 (2): 161-178 - get paper here
  • SANTOS, B. S., MARQUES, M. P., & CERÍACO, L. M. 2024. Lack of country-wide systematic herpetology collections in Portugal jeopardizes future research and conservation. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 96, e20230622 - get paper here
  • Santos, X. & G.A. Llorente 2001. Seasonal Variation in Reproductive Traits of the Oviparous Water Snake, Natrix maura, in the Ebro Delta of Northeastern Spain Journal of Herpetology 35 (4): 653-660. - get paper here
  • Santos, X., Pleguezuelos, J. M., Chergui, B., Geniez, P., & Cheylan, M. 2022. Citizen-science data shows long-term decline of snakes in southwestern Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation, 1-17 - get paper here
  • Santos, X.; Llorente, G.A.; Feriche, M.; Pleguezuelos, J.M.; Casals, F.; de Sostoa, A. 2005. Food availability induces geographic variation in reproductive timing of an aquatic oviparous snake (Natrix maura). Amphibia-Reptilia 26 (2): 183-191 - get paper here
  • Santos, Xavier; Feriche, Mónica; León, Raúl; Filippakopoulou, Aikaterini; Vidal-García, Marta; Llorente, Gustavo A.; Pleguezuelos, Juan M. 2011. Tail breakage frequency as an indicator of predation risk for the aquatic snake Natrix maura. Amphibia-Reptilia 32 (3): 375-383 - get paper here
  • Schätti B 1982. Bemerkungen zur Ökologie, Verbreitung und intraspezifische Variation der Vipernatter, Natrix maura (LINNÉ 1758) (Reptilia, Serpentes). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 89 (2): 521-542 - get paper here
  • Schätti, B. 1999. Natrix maura - Vipernatter. In: Böhme,W. (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 3/IIA., Schlangen (Serpentes) II. Aula-Verlag Wiesbaden, pp. 483-504
  • Schleich, H.H., Kästle,W., Kabisch, K. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz, Koenigstein, 627 pp.
  • Schley, L. & R.A. Griffiths 1998. Midwife Toads (Alytes muletensis) Avoid Chemical Cues from Snakes (Natrix maura) Journal of Herpetology 32 (4): 572-574. - get paper here
  • Schlüter, U. 2009. Die Schlangenfauna Europas. Draco 10 (39): 4-21 - get paper here
  • Schlüter, U. 2012. The Rock. Die Herpetofauna Gibraltars. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (94): 93-101 - get paper here
  • Schmid, A. 2014. Winter adieu. Frühlingstage an der Côte d’Azur. Reptilia (Münster) 19 (106): 43-46
  • Schmidt, D. 2015. Nattern. Arten und Tipps für Einsteiger. Reptilia (Münster) 20 (115): 28-41 - get paper here
  • Schöneberg, Y., Winter, S., Arribas, O., Di Nicola, M. R., Master, M., Owens, J. B., Rovatsos M, Wüster W Janke A & Fritz, U. 2023. Genomics reveals broad hybridization in deeply divergent Palearctic grass and water snakes (Natrix spp.). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107787 - get paper here
  • Sievers, K. 1969. Doppelte Eiablage einer Vipernatter (Natrix maura). Salamandra 5 (3-4): 149 - get paper here
  • Silva-Rocha, Iolanda Raquel; Daniele Salvi, Miguel A. Carretero and Gentile Francesco Ficetola 2019. Alien reptiles on Mediterranean Islands A model for invasion biogeography. Diversity and Distributions 25 (6): 995-1005 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Storm, Paul 2011. The Viperine Snake (Natrix maura) in nature and in the terrarium. Litteratura Serpentium 31 (1): 43-68 - get paper here
  • ter Borg, J. 2004. Reptielen en amfibieen in Portugal. Lacerta 62 (1): 9-19 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trutnau, L. 1975. Europäische Amphibien und Reptilien. Belser Verlag, Stuttgart 212 pp.
  • Vanni, S. & Lanza, B. 1983. Guide per il ricononscimento delle species animali delle acque interne italiane. 27. Anfibi, rettili (Amphibia, Reptilia). Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Aq 1 (205): 156-185 - get paper here
  • Vega, J. P. G. de la, Barnestein, J. A., del Mármol, G. M., & Mebert, K. 2022. Hybridization between Natrix astreptophoraand Natrix maura: potential cases from Andalusia, Spain Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2021) 32(2) - get paper here
  • Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364
  • Wagler, J. 1824. Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In: Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae. [NAtrix bahiensis: 27,. Monaco, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, vii + 75 pp. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1894. Zweiter Beitrag zur Herpetologie von Ost-Algerien. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 44: 75-87 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1897. Über Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Tunis aus dem Kgl. Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien 47: 395-407 - get paper here
  • Willsch, J. 1984. Viermalige Eiablage von Natrix maura (LINNAEUS 1758). Herpetofauna 6 (32): 19-21 - get paper here
  • Wilms, T. 2009. Marokko - Schatzkammer in Nordwesten Afrikas. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (75): 16-23 - get paper here
  • Wirth, M. & Hähnlein, R. 2009. Die europäischen Wassernattern: Freilandbeobachtung, Haltung und Zucht von Natrix natrix (LINNAEUS, 1758), Natrix maura (LINNAEUS, 1758) und Natrix tessellata (LAURENTI, 1768). Draco 10 (39): 49-60 - get paper here
  • Zulueta, A. de 1909. Nota sobre reptiles de Melilla (Marruecos). Bol. Real Sociedad Esp. Hist. Nat. 9: 351-354
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator