Ramphotyphlops multilineatus (SCHLEGEL, 1839)
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Ramphotyphlops multilineatus
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| Higher Taxa | Typhlopidae (Asiatyphlopinae), Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Hook-nosed blindsnake |
| Synonym | Typhlops multilineatus SCHLEGEL 1839: 40 Rhinotyphlops (Ramphotyphlops) multilineatus — FITZINGER 1843: 24 Onychocephalus multilineatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 276 Onychophis multicarinatus GRAY 1845: 134 (lapsus) Typhlops bibroni JAN, in JAN & SORDELLI 1864 Typhlops multilineatus — JAN 1864 Typhlops multilineatus — BOULENGER 1893: 50 Typhlops multilineatus — DE ROOIJ 1917: 7 Ramphotyphlops multilineatus — ROBB 1966: 676 Typhlina multilineata — MCDOWELL 1974: 41 Ramphotyphlops multilineatus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 69 Ramphotyphlops multilineatus — HEDGES et al. 2014 Ramphotyphlops multilineatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 629 |
| Distribution | Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Kai Island, Salawati) Type locality: New Guinea (Irian Jaya) |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: MNHN-RA 1067 |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis (genus). Species of Ramphotyphlops have (1) eye, distinct (rarely indistinct), (2) snout, rounded or beaked, (3) head scale arrangement, non-circular, (4) frontorostral, absent, (5) nasal, completely or incompletely divided, (6) nasal suture origin, supralabial 2 (sometimes 1 or 1/2 suture), (7) suboculars or subpreoculars, absent (rarely present), (8) postoculars, 2–3 (rarely 1; average, 2.15), (9) preocular-labial contact, supralabials 2–3 (rarely 3 only or fused with ocular or nasal), (10) midbody scale rows, 18–30 (average, 21.7), (11) scale row reduction, pres- ent or absent, (12) total scale rows, 206–653 (average, 419), (13) caudals, 8–36 (average, 19.8), (14) maximum total length, 117–480 (average, 302) mm, (15) total length/midbody diameter, 18–91.5 (average, 48.8), (16) total length/ tail length, 16.7–70 (average, 31.8), (17) dorsal color, usually dark brown (sometimes medium brown, tan, gray, or purplish), (18) ventral color, usually cream or yellowish-white (sometimes gray-green, pinkish, tan, or brown), (19) dorsum darker than venter, (20) overall, usually either patternless or with longitudinal lines (Tables 1–2); molecular phylogenetic support (Fig. 1). Ramphotyphlops is part of a larger, more inclusive clade (Ramphotyphlops s.l.) that shares a solid, awn-like protrusible hemipenis and retrocloacal sacs (Robb 1966; McDowell 1974), although not all species have been examined for those traits. Presumably these characters distinguish it from other genera in the Asiatyphlopinae, except those three genera formerly in Ramphotyphlops s.l. and thus the closest relatives of Ramphotyphlops s.s.: Acutotyphlops, Anilios, and Sundatyphlops. From Acutotyphlops, Ramphotyphlops can be distinguished by lacking a frontorostral scale. From Anilios, it can be distinguished by its smaller maximum size (mean among species, 302 versus 354 mm TL), higher mean number of midbody scales (21.7 versus 20.1), and longer tails (TL/TA = 31.8 versus 49.7; averages). From Sundatyphlops, it can be distinguished by its smaller maximum size (302 versus 395 mm TL; only R. angusticeps, 455 mm TL, has a greater maximum size) [HEDGES et al. 2014: 39]. For an alternative diagnosis see PYRON & WALLACH 2014: 57. |
| Comment | Type species: Typhlops multilineatus SCHLEGEL 1839 is the type species of the genus Ramphotyphlops FITZINGER 1843: 24. Synonymy: Kaiser et al. 2013 considered the generic names Carrytyphlopea Hoser 2012, Funkityphlops Hoser 2012, Johnwilsontyphlops Hoser 2012, Maxhoserus Hoser 2012, Oxytyphlops Hoser 2012, Piersontyphlops Hoser 2012 invalid and rejected their use instead of Ramphotyphlops. Morphology: for morphological data across the species in this genus see Pyron & Wallach 2014: Table 2. |
| Etymology | The genus name is a masculine noun formed from the Greek adjective ramphos (curved beak or bill) and Greek noun typhlops (the blind), in reference to the pointed or beak-like snout in most species of this genus. |
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