Scaphiodontophis annulatus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
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Scaphiodontophis annulatus
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| Higher Taxa | Colubridae, Sibynophiinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | Scaphiodontophis annulatus annulatus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854) Scaphiodontophis annulatus dugandi ROZE 1969 Scaphiodontophis annulatus nothus TAYLOR & SMITH 1943 Scaphiodontophis annulatus hondurensis (SCHMIDT 1936) |
| Common Names | E: Guatemala Neckband Snake S: Culebra Añadida de Guatemala |
| Synonym | Enicognathus annulatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 335 Enicognathus annulatus — JAN 1866 Diadophis annulatus — GARMAN 1884: 70 Polyodontophis annulatus — BOULENGER 1893: 189 Sibinophis annulatus — DITMARS 1934 Scaphiodontophis carpicinctus TAYLOR & SMITH 1943 (fide WILSON & MEYER 1982) Scaphiodontophis cyclurus TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 318 Scaphiodontophis albonuchalis TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 323 Scaphiodontophis sumichrasti — TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 307 Sibynophis albonuchalis — MERTENS 1952 Scaphiodontophis albonuchalis — BRATTSTROM & ADIS 1952 Scaphiodontophis albonuchalis — ÁLVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 13 Sibynophis annulatus — MERTENS 1956 Sibynophis cyclurus — MERTENS 1956 Sibynophis carpicinctus — MERTENS 1956 Scaphiodontophis nothus — ALVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 14 Scaphiodontophis cyclurus — MARTIN 1958 Scaphiodontophis zeteki nothus — STUART 1963: 114 Scaphiodontophis annulatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 269 Scaphiodontophis annulatus annulatus — SMITH et al. 1986 Scaphiodontophis annulatus — LINER 1994 Scaphiodontophis annulatus — LEE 2000: 321 Scaphiodontophis annulatus — LINER 2007 Scaphiodontophis annulatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 662 Scaphiodontophis annulatus — MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA et al. 2024 Scaphiodontophis annulatus dugandi ROZE 1969 Scaphiodontophis dugandi ROZE 1969 Scaphiodontophis annulatus “dugandi” — HENDERSON 1984 Scaphiodontophis annulatus dugandi — SMITH et al. 1986 Scaphiodontophis annulatus dugandi — HARVEY 1999 Scaphiodontophis dugandi — PÁEZ et al. 2002 Scaphiodontophis annulatus dugandi — CASTILLO-PEÑARREDONDA et al. 2024 Scaphiodontophis annulatus hondurensis (SCHMIDT 1936) Sibynophis annulatus hondurensis SCHMIDT 1936: 48 Scaphiodontophis annulatus hondurensis — TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 314 Scaphiodontophis annulatus hondurensis — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 270 Scaphiodontophis annulatus hondurensis — MEHRTENS 1987: 203 Scaphiodontophis annulatus nothus TAYLOR & SMITH 1943 Scaphiodontophis nothus TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 320 Scaphiodontophis nothus — ÁLVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 14 Scaphiodontophis zeteki nothus — ROZE 1969 Scaphiodontophis annulatus nothus — SMITH et al. 1986 Scaphiodontophis zeteki nothus — SAVAGE & SLOWINSKI 1996 |
| Distribution | Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Puebla, Hidalgo, Quéretaro), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia (Tolima, Antioquia, Sucre) cyclurus (invalid): Mexico (Tamaulipas etc.) dugandi: Colombia (Tolima, Antioquia); Type locality: “COLOMBIA,Departamento de Antioquia, region de Urabá, cerca de Turbo, Río Currulao, 20 metros de altitud; Lat. 8° N., Long. 76° 40' W.” hondurensis: Honduras; Type locality: Portillo Grande, Yoro, 4100 ft. elevation, Honduras. nothus: Mexico (Veracruz); Type locality: Potrero Viejo,Veracruz, Mexico. Type locality: Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: MNHN-RA 7283, a 390 mm (SVL) specimen Holotype: AMNH 95932 [dugandi] Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) [cyclurus] Holotype: USNM 110411 [carpicinctus] Holotype: USNM 110412 [nothus] Holotype: MCZ R-38703 [hondurensis] Holotype: MCZ 29060 [zeteki] Holotype: USNM 110413 [Scaphiodontophis albonuchalis] |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis (genus): “This group of species, which has been associated with Sibynophis, differs from members of that genus in having a larger series of unequal maxillary teeth (52 to 56; known maximum in Sibynophis, 46), arranged in diads or triads of unequal sizes; a much larger dorsal, as well as a medial ectopterygoid process (the process is very low or lacking in Sibynophis). Most of the species of Sibynophis have normally pointed teeth; subpunctatus from Ceylon, however, has somewhat spatulate teeth; forms associated with Scaphiodontophis all have spatulate teeth, so far as known. All Sibynophis have a uniform or striped coloration; all Scaphiodontophis have black, yellow and red transverse spots or bars on some part or all of the body while the remainder tends to be uniform grayish with darker dots (save sumichrasti, which is uniformly colored with black dots forming lines and lacks the black, yellow and red bars). [from TAYLOR & SMITH 1943]. For a more recent diagnosis see SAVAGE & SLOWINSKI 1996. Additional details (2888 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. |
| Comment | Synonymy after VILLA et al. 1988 and PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Henicognathus Sumichrasti BOCOURT 1886 has been erroneously listed as synonym of Sibynophis chinensis. Type species: Enicognathus annulatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854 is the type species of the genus Scaphiodontophis TAYLOR & SMITH 1943. TAYLOR & SMITH (1943) assigned the following species to this genus: venustissimus, annulatus, hondurensis, nothus, albocinctus, zeteki, cyclurus and carpicinctus. See Leviton & Munstermann 1956 for a list of diagnostic characters of Scaphiodontophis. Distribution: Specimens of this species from Costa Rica and Panama are now assigned to Scaphiodontophis venustissimus, hence not in Panama or Costa Rica (e.g. reported by Solorzano 2004). Mimicry: Scaphiodontophis annulatus mimicks Micrurus limbatus and M. diastema (TORRE-LORANCA et al. 2006). Subspecies: Harvey 1999 mentioned the “dugandi” pattern, which may be an aberration. See Smith et al. 1986 for a key to the subspecies of annulatus, in which they recognized 5 subspecies (including S. a. venustissimus, now a valid species). |
| Etymology | Named after the diminutive form (“annul-”) of Latin “anus” = ring. The genus was named after Greek scapheion (σκαφεῖον), spade, hoe, mattock + Greek odontos (ὀδόντος), tooth + Greek ophis (ὄφις), a serpent, snake. ["...Maxillary teeth numerous (more than 50), the teeth scaphoid or spatulate...”]. |
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