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Spondylurus culebrae HEDGES & CONN, 2012

IUCN Red List - Spondylurus culebrae - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaScincidae, Mabuyinae (Mabuyini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Culebra Skink 
SynonymSpondylurus culebrae HEDGES & CONN 2012: 149
Mabuya sloanii — STEJNEGER, 1904:608 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — BARBOUR, 1914:320 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — SCHMIDT, 1928:121 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — BARBOUR, 1930:105 (part)
Mabuya semitaeniatus — GRANT, 1931:217 (part)
Mabuya semitaeniatus — GRANT, 1932a:162 (part)
Mabuya mabouia — BARBOUR, 1935:129 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanii — DUNN, 1936:544 (part)
Mabuya mabouia — BARBOUR, 1937:147 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — GRANT, 1937:504 (part).
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — SCHWARTZ & THOMAS, 1975:141 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — MACLEAN et al., 1977:29 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloani — RIVERO, 1978:71 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — HEATWOLE et al., 1981:34 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON, 1988:151 (part)
Mabuya mabouya sloanei — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON, 1991:457 (part)
Mabuya bistriata — POWELL et al., 1996:82 (part).
Mabuya mabouya sloani — RIVERO, 1998:394 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — MAYER & LAZELL, 2000:883 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — MIRALLES, 2005: 49 (part)
Mabuya sloanii — HENDERSON & POWELL 2009:293 (part) 
DistributionPuerto Rico (Culebra, Culebrita)

Type locality: Culebra, Puerto Rico  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: UMMZ 73823, an adult male, collected April 1932 on Culebra, Puerto Rico, United States (no specific locality within Culebra) by Chapman Grant. Paratypes (n = 49). Culebra, Puerto Rico. AMNH 14005–06, K. P. Schmidt & B. A. Wall, no specific locality, 5 October 1919; UMMZ 73819–20, UMMZ 73822–23, UMMZ 73826, UMMZ 239548–80 and 239582– 89, C. Grant, no specific locality, February–April, 1932. USNM 576302, no specific locality, R. Thomas. Culebrita, Puerto Rico. UMMZ 80786, C. Grant, no specific locality, August, 1936. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Spondylurus culebrae sp. nov. is characterized by (1) maximum SVL in males, 88.0 mm; (2) maximum SVL in females, 97.6 mm; (3) snout width, 2.28–3.50% SVL; (4) head length, 16.0–21.6% SVL; (5) head width, 11.4–16.1% SVL; (6) ear length, 1.36–2.36% SVL; (7) toe-IV length, 8.42–12.9% SVL; (8) prefrontals, two; (9) supraoculars, three (14%), four (86%); (10) supraciliaries, three (2%), four (90%), five (6%), six (2%); (11) frontoparietals, two (98%), three (2%); (12) supralabial below the eye, five (16%), six (82%), seven (2%); (13) nuchal rows, one (4%), two (88%), three (8%); (14) dorsals, 57–65; (15) ventrals, 60–70; (16) dorsals + ventrals, 121–134; (17) midbody scale rows, 30–36; (18) finger-IV lamellae, 13–16; (19) toe-IV lamellae, 14–19; (20) finger-IV + toe-IV lamellae, 28–34; (21) supranasal contact, Y (80%), N (20%); (22) prefrontal contact, N; (23) supraocular-1/frontal contact, Y (29%), N (71%); (24) parietal contact, Y (98%), N (2%); (25) pale middorsal stripe, Y; (26) dark dorsolateral stripe, Y; (27) dark lateral stripe, Y; (28) pale lateral stripe, Y; and (29) palms and soles, pale (Tables 3–5).


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CommentSynonymy: Pinto-Sánchez et al. 2015 synonymized culebrae, macleani, and monitae with Spondylurus sloani, which is rejected by McCranie et al. 2020.

Conservation status: endangered (Adkins-Giese et al. 2014).

Genome: Rivera et al. 2024. 
EtymologyThe species name (culebrae) is a feminine genitive singular noun referring to the distribution of the species on the island of Culebra. 
References
  • Adkins-Giese, C.L., Curry, T., Platenberg, R. 2014. PETITION TO LIST NINE SPECIES OF CARIBBEAN SKINKS AS ENDANGERED UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT. CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, 61 pp. - get paper here
  • Hedges, S.B. & Conn, C.E. 2012. A new skink fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuyinae). Zootaxa 3288: 1–244 - get paper here
  • MCCRANIE, JAMES R.; AMY J. MATTHEWS, S. BLAIR HEDGES 2020. A morphological and molecular revision of lizards of the genus Marisora Hedges & Conn (Squamata: Mabuyidae) from Central America and Mexico, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 4763 (3): 301–353 - get paper here
  • Pinto-Sánchez, Nelsy Rocío; Martha L. Calderón-Espinosa, Aurelien Miralles, Andrew J. Crawford, Martha Patricia Ramírez-Pinilla 2015. Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neotropical skink genus Mabuya Fitzinger (Squamata: Scincidae) with emphasis on Colombian populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.016 - get paper here
  • Rivera, D., Henderson, J. B., Lam, A. W., Hostetter, N. J., Collazo, J. A., & Bell, R. C. 2024. High-quality, chromosome-level reference genomes of the viviparous Caribbean skinks Spondylurus nitidus and S. culebrae. Genome Biology and Evolution, evae079 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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