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Teius teyou (DAUDIN, 1802)

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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Four-toed Tegu
Portuguese: Calango, Calanguinho, Lagartinho-Verde 
SynonymLacerta Teyou DAUDIN 1802: 195
Teius viridis MERREM 1820: 60
Ameiva teju — LICHTENSTEIN 1823: 91 (emendat. for teyou)
Tejus teyou — FITZINGER 1826
Acrantus viridis — WAGLER 1830
Dicrodon (Acrantus) teyou — FITZINGER 1843
Acrantus teyou — GRAY 1845 (part.)
Ameiva caelestis BIBRON in D’ORBIGNY 1847
Teius teyou — BOETTGER 1885
Teius teyou — BOULENGER 1885: 379
Teius teyou teyou — MÜLLER 1928
Teius teyou cyanogaster MÜLLER 1928
Tejus tejou cyanogaster MÜLLER 1928 (spelling in FRANZEN & GLAW 2007)
Teius teyou cyanogaster — HELLMICH 1960: 75
Teius teyou cyanogaster — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 260
Teius cyanogaster — BLAIR, HULSE & MARES 1976
Teius cyanogaster — CEI 1980
Teius cyanogaster — MEIER 1983
Teius teyou — CEI & LESCURE 1985
Teius teyou — CEI 1993
Teius teyou — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 1999
Teius teyou — HARVEY et al. 2012
Teius teyou — AVILA et al. 2021 
DistributionBrazil, Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Tarija), Argentina (Rio Negro, Mendoza, La Pampa, Córdoba, San Luis, Formosa, La Rioja), N Paraguay

cyanogaster: SE Bolivia and adjacent Brazil, NW Argentina, N Paraguay; Type locality: San José de Chiquitos, Bolivia.

Type locality: Paraguay. Neotype locality: Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia).  
Reproductionoviparous; bisexual 
TypesNeotype: MNHN-RA 4188, designated by CEI & LESCURE 1985
Lectotype: ZSM 194/1926/1, male [cyanogaster] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Teius is the only genus of Teiidae with a vestigial fifth toe and a high-walled, circular basin positioned between the hemipenial awns. Dicrodon and Teius are the only other extant Teiidae with bicuspid, transversely oriented teeth on the posterior maxilla and mandible [HARVEY et al. 2012].


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CommentSynonymy partly after CEI & LESCURE 1985 and CEI 1993.

Subspecies: Teius teyou cyanogaster MÜLLER 1928 has been synonymized with T. teyou by CEI & LESCURE 1985.

Type species: Teius viridis Merrem (= Teius teyou) is the type species of the genus Teius MERREM 1820, subsequently designated by Burt and Burt (1933). The genus was spelled “Tejus” in the German text and “Teius” in the parallel Latin text of the same publication. Teius is also the type species of the subfamily Teiinae GRAY 1827. Note that the subfamily was not established by ESTES et al. 1988: 215 as is often cited. See Costa et al. 2016 for historical details.

Distribution: see map in Cacciali et al. 2016: Fig. 1.

Comparisons: Presch 1974: 24 compares character states across the genera Ameiva, Cnemidophorus, Kentropyx, Dicrodon, Teius, Callopistes, Tupinambis, Crocodilurus, and Dracaena. 
EtymologyNamed after teyou, derived from Guarani teyu, lizard. (MERREM 1820, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024)

The genus was named after Teius, like teyou derived from Guarani teyu, lizard. 
References
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  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; LORENA ELIZABETH MARTINEZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2013. Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update. Zootaxa 3616 (3): 201–238 - get paper here
  • Avila, Luciano Javier; Martín Miguel Femenías, Cristian Hernán Fulvio Pérez, Mariana Morando 2021. Nuevas especies de Liolaemus para la herpetofauna de la provincia de La Rioja, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología 35 (S1): 223-228
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  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
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  • Casas, M.H., E. Aráoz & R. Montero 2016. Prevalence of Autotomy and Tail Regeneration in Teius teyou (Reptilia, Teiidae) Journal of Herpetology 50 (2): 449-456. - get paper here
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  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
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  • Estes, Richard & Pregill, Gregory, eds. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships of the Lizard Families: Esays Commemorating Charles L. Camp. Stanford University Press, xvi + 632 pp.
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  • Gonzales, Lucindo; Arturo Muñoz y Edson Cortez 2006. PRIMER REPORTE SOBRE LA HERPETOFAUNA DE LA RESERVA NATURAL “EL CORBALÁN”, TARIJA, BOLIVIA [FIRST REPORT ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF “EL CORBALAN” NATURAL RESERVE, TARIJA, BOLIVIA]. Kempffiana 2 (1): 72-94 - get paper here
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  • Hellmich, Walter 1960. Die Sauria des Gran Chaco und seiner Randgebiete. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (101): 1-131
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  • Juárez Heredia, Viviana Isabel; Salva, Ana G.; Robles, Cecilia I. 2020. Primer registro de ectoparásitos en cinco especies de lagartijas del género Liolaemus (Liolaemidae) y en Teius teyou (Teiidae). Cuad. herp. 34 (2): - get paper here
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