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Xenelaphis hexagonotus (CANTOR, 1847)

IUCN Red List - Xenelaphis hexagonotus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Malaysian Brown Snake
G: Braunnatter 
SynonymColuber hexahonotus (sic) CANTOR 1847: 921
Coluber hexagonotus — CANTOR 1847 (emendation)
Coryphodon sub-lutescens DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 187
Coryphodon hexanotus (sic) — GÜNTHER 1858
Xenelaphis hexahonotus — GÜNTHER 1864
Xenelaphis hexahonotus — THEOBALD 1868: 46
Ptyas hexagonotus — STOLICZKA 1870: 186
Ptyas hexagonotus — THEOBALD 1876
Xenelaphis hexagonotus — BOULENGER 1890
Xenelaphis hexagonotus — BOULENGER 1894: 8
Xenelaphis hexagonotus — SMITH 1943: 176
Xenelaphis hexagonotus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 396
Xenelaphis hexagonotus — STUEBING & INGER 1999
Xenelaphis hexagonotus — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Xenelaphis hexagonotus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 795 
DistributionBurma (Myanmar) ?
Indonesia (Bangka, Belitung, Java, Kalimantan, Riau Archipelago, Sumatra, Borneo);
Malaysia (Malaya and East Malaysia);
Singapore; Thailand; Vietnam

Type locality: Great Hill of Pinang [= Pulau Pinang, West Malaysia]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.4.86 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): “Maxillary teeth 25 to 30, gradually increasing in size posteriorly, compressed head distinct from neck ; eye moderately large, with round pupil ; nostril between two nasals; a pre- and a postsubocular; body elongate, cylindrical, rather stout scales smooth, in 17 rows, without apical pits, the vertebral row slightly enlarged and hexagonal; ventral rounded; tail long ; subcaudals paired. Hypapophyses absent on the posterior, dorsal vertebrae.” (Smith 1943)


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CommentThe specific name appeared first as hexahonotus in the original description on p. 921 of Cantor (1847); in the same article, the author used twice the correct spelling hexagonotus on p. 1070 and 1077. The name was also corrected in an erratum, added later to the published volume.

Type species: Coluber hexagonotus CANTOR 1847: 921 is the type species of the genus Xenelaphis GÜNTHER 1864. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin hexagonum or Greek hexagonos, having six angles; referring to the shape of the slightly enlarged vertebral scales. 
References
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Cantor. T. E. 1847. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and Islands. J Asiat. Soc., Bengal, Calcutta. 16 (2): 607 - 656, 897-952, 1026 - 1078 - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • David,P. & Vogel, G. 1996. The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. Bücher Kreth, Frankfurt/M.
  • FIGUEROA, ALEX; MARTYN E.Y. LOW, KELVIN K.P. LIM 2023. Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution. Zootaxa 5287 (1): 001–378 - get paper here
  • Husson, S.J.; S.H. Limin, Adul, N.S. Boyd, J.J. Brousseau, S. Collier, S.M. Cheyne, L.J. D’Arcy, R.A. Dow, N.W. Dowds, M.L. Dragiewicz, D.A. Ehlers Smith, Iwan, Hendri, P.R. Houlihan, K.A. Jeffers, B.J.M. Jarrett, I.P. Kulu, H.C. Morrogh-Bernard, S.E 2018. Biodiversity of the Sebangau tropical peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo. Mires and Peat 22 (05): 1–50 - get paper here
  • Lang, Ruud de 2017. The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 435 pp. - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • Nguyen, S.V., Ho, C.T. and Nguyen, T.Q. 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • ONN, CHAN KIN; L. LEE. GRISMER, DIONYSIUS S. SHARMA, DAICUS BELABUT, and NORHAYATI AHMA 2009. New herpetofaunal records for Perlis State Park and adjacent areas. Malayan Nature Journal 61 (4): 255 - 262
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Stoliczka, F. 1870. Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 39: 134-228. - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B. & INGER, R.F. 1999. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo. Natural history Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 254 pp. [corrections in HR 31: 124]. - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B., Inger, R.F. & Lardner, B. 2014. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo, second edition. Natural history Publications (Borneo)
  • Teo, R.C.H. & N.J. Thomas 2019. Updated Inventory of Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 1):145-183; doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl.1).2019-06 - get paper here
  • Teo, R.C.H. & Rajathurai, S. 1997. Mammals, reptiles and amphibians in the Nature Reserves of Singapore - diversity, abundance and distribution. Proc. Nature Reserves Survey Seminar. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 49: 353-425
  • TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here
  • Theobald, William 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 10: 4-67. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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