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Xenosaurus rectocollaris SMITH & IVERSON, 1993

IUCN Red List - Xenosaurus rectocollaris - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaXenosauridae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Pallid Knob-scaled Lizard
S: Xenosauro Pálido 
SynonymXenosaurus platyceps SMITH & IVERSON 1993
Xenosaurus rectocollaris — LINER 1994
Xenosaurus rectocollaris — PÉREZ RAMOS et al. 2000
Xenosaurus rectocollaris — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008
Xenosaurus rectocollaris — MATA-SILVA et al. 2015
Xenosaurus rectocollaris — NIETO-MONTES DE OCA et al. 2022 
DistributionMexico (N Oaxaca, S Puebla)

Type locality: 2.5 Km (1.5 mi) SW Veracruz/Puebla state line. Hy 150 (8Km (4.9 mi) E Chapulco), Puebla, México; 2134 m (7000 ft) [2121.2 m] elevation.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: UF 51438. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “A member of the genus Xenosaurus with nuchal collar straight across middle of neck, not V-shaped: venter without dark markings; light areas between dorsal dark bands whitish, tips of tubercles brownish; lateral fold whitish; a pair of squarish dark marks posterior to occiput; a single, large, bulbous postrostral, wider than long; zygomatic and postorbital ridges in contact through most or all of their parallel length; one row of moderately large supraoculo-orbitals; labiomental row extending forward to 1st chinshield and infralabial; maximum number of scales in a transverse row of scales on venter 25-29; lamellae on 4th toe 19-23; most temporal tubercles contacting each other, no more than a few posterior tubercles separated by one row of granules; tubercles in paravertebral TOWS elongate, flat, slightly larger than lateral tubercles, separated anteroposteriorly from each other by one or two rows of granules; paravertebral re . separated from each other by a distance varying from 2-3 times the length of their tubercles; lateral tubercles of abdomen separated from each other by their own diameter, little more or less; dorsal foreleg and hind leg tubercles mostly in contact with each other, at most one row of granules between them; caudal dark bars solid black above, longer than light tan interspaces, but weakly split and narrower than light interspaces below.” (Smith & Iverson 1993)


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CommentDistribution: see maps in WOOLRICH-PIÑA & SMITH 2012 and Nieto-Montes de Oca et al. 2022: 48 (Fig. 6). 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin rectus, straight, and collare, collar, and is used as an adjective modifying the generic name. It alludes to the unique shape of the collar in this species, being straight transverse rather than v-shaped. In-as-much as the nuchal
mark of other taxa of the genus has often been referred to as a collar, it is expedient that the specific name should designate kind of collar. (Smith & Iverson 1993) 
References
  • Augstenová, Barbora, Eleonora Pensabene, Lukáš Kratochvíl, and Michail Rovatsos. 2021. Cytogenetic Evidence for Sex Chromosomes and Karyotype Evolution in Anguimorphan Lizards. Cells 10, no. 7: 1612 - get paper here
  • Bhullar, B-A. S. 2011. The Power and Utility Of Morphological Characters In Systematics: A Fully Resolved Phylogeny of Xenosaurus and Its Fossil Relatives (Squamata: Anguimorpha). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 160 (3): 65–181 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Canseco-Marquez,L.; Gutierrez-Mayen,G. & Salazar-Arenas,J. 2000. New records and range extensions for amphibians and reptiles from Puebla, México. Herpetological Review 31 (4): 259-263 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, J.A., G.R. Smith, and R.E. Ballinger 2000. Xenosaurus rectocollaris Smith and Iverson Pallid Knob-scaled Lizard. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (716): 1 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio;Smith, Geoffrey R.;Ballinger, Royce E. 1996. Natural history of the Mexican knob-scaled lizard, Xenosaurus rectocollaris. Herpetological Natural History 4 (2): 151-154
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Nieto-Montes de Oca, Adrián; Anthony J. Barley, Rubi N. Meza-Lázaro, Uri O. García-Vázquez, Joan G. Zamora-Abrego, Robert C. Thomson, Adam D. Leaché 2016. Phylogenomics and species delimitation in the knob-scaled lizards of the genus Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) using ddRADseq data reveal a substantial underestimation of diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 106: 241-253 - get paper here
  • Nieto-Montes de Oca, Adrián; Nicté Castresana-Villanueva, Luis Canseco-Márquez & Jonathan A. Campbell 2022. A New Species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from the Sierra de Juárez of Oaxaca, Mexico Herpetologica 78(1): 40–50. - get paper here
  • Nieto-Montes de Oca, Adrián; Uri O. García-Vázquez, J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega and Walter Schmidt-Ballardo 2013. A new species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve of Querétaro, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 485-498 - get paper here
  • Pérez Ramos, Edmundo; Lucia Saldaña de la Riva; Jonathan A. Campbell 2000. A new allopatric species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from Guerrero, Mexico. Herpetologica 56 (4): 500-506 - get paper here
  • Smith H M; Iverson J B 1993. A new species of knobscale lizard (Reptilia: Xenosauridae) from Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 29 (2): 51-66 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 791–884 - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A. and Geoffrey R. Smith 2012. A New Species of Xenosaurus from the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico. Herpetologica 68 (4): 551-559. - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A., Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva and Luis Oliver-López. 2014. Male and female reproductive cycles of Xenosaurus rectocollaris (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from the Tehuacan Valley, Puebla, Mexico. Herpetology Notes 7: 313-317 - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A; Julio A Lemos-Espinal, Luis Oliver-López, and Geoffrey R Smith 2012. Ecology of Xenosaurus rectocollaris in Tehuacan Valley, Puebla, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 57 (2): 157-161. - get paper here
 
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