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Acanthodactylus dumerilii (MILNE-EDWARDS, 1829)

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Higher TaxaLacertidae, Eremiadinae, Sauria, Lacertoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Duméril's Fringe-fingered Lizard
G: Dumérils Fransenfinger 
SynonymLacerta dumerili MILNE-EDWARDS 1829: 85
Scapteira inornata GRAY 1838: 281
Acanthodactylus scutellatus var. exiguus LATASTE 1885 (fide SALVADOR)
Acanthodactylus scutellatus variété exiguus — DOUMERGUE 1901
Acanthodactylus senegalensis CHABANAUD 1918
Acanthodactylus scutellatus var. dumerili — BOULENGER 1921: 105
Acanthodactylus scutellatus var. inornatus — BOULENGER 1921: 104
Acanthodactylus scutellatus inornatus — BONS 1959
Acanthodactylus dumerili — BONS & GIROT 1964: 331
Acanthodactylus dumerili dumerili — SALVADOR 1982: 128 (part.)
Acanthodactylus dumerili exiguus — SALVADOR 1982: 130
Acanthodactylus scutellatus — ARNOLD 1983: 322 (part.)
Acanthodactylus dumerilii — SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996: 400
Acanthodactylus scutellatus — HARRIS & ARNOLD 2000: 352 (part.)
Acanthodactylus dumerilii — CROCHET et al. 2003
Acanthodactylus senegalensis — CROCHET et al. 2003
Acanthodactylus dumerilii — TRAPE, CHIRIO & TRAPE 2012
Acanthodactylus dumerilii — LIZ et al. 2022 
DistributionSW/E Morocco (West-Sahara), Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, N Algeria, Tunisia, NW Libya.

Type locality: “Sénégal” (certainly not present-day Senegal, but probably another north-western Africa country within the range of A. dumerili as understood here; see CROCHET et al. 2003).

exiguus: Algerina; Type locality: Type locality: "En Algérie, à Biskra, Mraier, Tougourt, Bled Ahmar, Hadjira, N'Gouça, Tilremt, Laghouat, Ain el Hel et Bou-Saada. En Tunisie, à l'oued el Kreil, Kebili, Tozeur, et Nefta". Syntypes, not catalogued, but probably BM 1920.1.20.1349c (Bled Ahmar), 1920.1.20.1349 (Hadjira), 1920.1.20.1349d (Tilremt), 1920.1.20.1349e (Laghouat), 1920.1.20.1349i (Mraier), 1920.1.20.1349g (Biskra), 1920.1.20.3006 (Oued el Kreil) [Salvador 1982]

senegalensis: Mauritania, Western Sahara, Senegal, Mali, Algeria. Type locality: “Sangaleam, près de Rufisque”.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MNHN-RA 2759
Lectotype: BMNH 1946.9.3.76. Type locality: ‘Tripoli’, Libya [Scapteira inornata].
Syntypes (not catalogued but probably: BMNH 1920.1.20.1349c and BMNH 1920.1.20.1349c2 (Bled Ahmar), BMNH 1920.1.20.1349 (Hadjira), BMNH 1920.1.20.1349d (Tilremt), BMNH 1920.1.20.1349e and MNHN 5838B (Laghouat), BMNH 1920.1.20.1349i (Mraïer), BMNH 1920.1.20.1349g (Biskra), BMNH 1920.1.20.3006 (Oued el Kreil). see Salvador, 1982: 130 [exiguus].
Lectotype: BMNH 1920.1.20.1349. Type locality: originally ‘en Algérie, à Biskra, Mraïer, Tougourt, Bled Ahmar, Hadjira, N’Gouça, Tilremt, Laghouat, Aïn-el-Hel et Bou-Sâada; en Tunisie, à l’oued el Kreil (entre le plateau de Haouaïa et Ghumraçen), Kébili (dans le Nefzaoua), Tozeur, et Nefta (dans le Djérid)’, restricted to Hadjira, Algeria, by CROCHET et al. (2003) [exiguus].
Holotype: MNHN-RA 1918.0043 [senegalensis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Small species with short, blunt snout. Five supralabials anterior to the subocular. Subocular not in contact with the upper lip. Ventrals arranged in 12 or 14 longitudinal rows. Fourth supraocular divided. Dorsals flat, large and sharply keeled. One or two rows of granules between the supraoculars and the superciliaries. Color pattern very faint or completely absent (Salvador 1982: 126). 
CommentSynonymy: Acanthodactylus dumerili, exiguus, audouini, and inornata were synonymized with A. scutellatus by ARNOLD (1983). Acanthodactylus senegalensis CHABANAUD 1918 has been removed from synonymy by CROCHET et al. (2003). However, Liz et al. (2022) confirmed that senegalensis is genetically indistinguishable from dumerilii and thus seems to be just an ecomorph.

Types: One of the syntypes of A. s. exiguus, (Biskra), the specimen BMNH 1920.1.20.1349c2 (Bled Ahmar) is in fact an A. longipes (CROCHET et al. 2003). 
Etymologynamed after one of the Duméril brothers. Le Floch-Prigent (2008) published a short biography of André Marie Constant Duméril (1774-1860).

A. senegalensis was named after the type locality. 
References
  • Arnold E.N. 1983. Osteology, genitalia and the relationships of Acanthodactylus (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 44: 291–339 - get paper here
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Jonathan C. DeBoer , Dylan J. Taylor 2017. Atlas of the Reptiles of Libya. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 64 (8): 155-318 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bons, J. 1959. Les lacertiliens du sud-ouest Marocain; systematique, repartition geographique, ethologie, ecologie. Instit. Sci. Cherifien, Rabat, Trav. (Ser. Zool.) no. 18 130 pp.
  • Bons,J. & GIROT,B. 1964. Révision de l'espèce Acanthodactylus scutellatus (Lacertidé-Saurien). Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. phys. Maroc 42: 311-334 [1962]
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1921. Monograph of the Lacertidae, vol. 2. British Museum (London), 451 pp. - get paper here
  • Chabanaud,P. 1918. Etude d’une collection de reptiles de l’Afrique occidentale francais. Bull. Mus. nation. Mist. nat. Paris 24: 160-166
  • Crochet, P.A.; Geniez, P. & Ineich, I. 2003. A multivariate analysis of the fringe-toed lizards of the Acanthodactylus scutellatus group (Squamata: Lacertidae): systematic and biogeographical implications. Zool. J. Linnean Soc.137: 117–155 - get paper here
  • Doumergue,F. 1901. Essai sur la faune erpétologique de l'Oranie avec des tableaux analytiques et des notations pour la détermination de tous les reptiles et batraciens du Maroc, de l'Algerie et de la Tunisie. L. Fouque, Oran, 404 pp. - get paper here
  • Escoriza, Daniel 2017. Patterns of alpha diversity among Tunisian lizards (Lacertidae). Journal of Arid Environments - get paper here
  • Geniez, P.; Mateo, J.A.; Geniez, M. & Pether, J. 2004. The amphibians and reptiles of the Western Sahara (former Spanish Sahara) and adjacent regions. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 228 pp. [reviewed in Reptilia GB 44: 81]
  • Gray, J. E. 1838. Catalogue of the slender-tongued saurians, with descriptions of many new genera and species. Part 1. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 1: 274-283 - get paper here
  • Harris,D.J. & Arnold,E.N. 2000. Elucidation of the relationships of spiny-footed lizards, Acanthodactylus ssp. (Reptilia: Lacertidae) using mitochondrial DNA sequence, with comments of their biogeography and evolution. Journal of Zoology 252: 351-362 - get paper here
  • Le Floch-Prigent, P. 2008. Constant Duméril (1774-1860) médicin anatomiste et naturaliste, à propos d’un portrait par G. Devers [biography]. Morphologie 92: 199-203. - get paper here
  • Liz, A. V., Rödder, D., Gonçalves, D. V., Velo‐Antón, G., Tarroso, P., Geniez, P., ... & Brito, J. C. 2022. Overlooked species diversity in the hyper‐arid Sahara Desert unveiled by dryland‐adapted lizards. Journal of Biogeography - get paper here
  • Martínez del Mármol, Gabriel; D. James Harris, Philippe Geniez, Philip de Pous, and Daniele Salvi 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Morocco. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 478 pp - get paper here
  • Milne-Edwards, M.H. 1829. Recherches zoologiques pour servir à l'histoire des lézards, extraites d'une monographie de ce genre. Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris 16: 50-89 - get paper here
  • Padial, J. M. 2006. COMMENTED DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE REPTILES OF MAURITANIA (WEST AFRICA). Graellsia, 62(2): 159-178 - get paper here
  • Salvador, A 1982. A revision of the lizards of the genus Acanthodactylus (Sauria: Lacertidae). Bonner Zool. Monogr. (16): 1-167 - get paper here
  • Schleich, H.H., Kästle,W., Kabisch, K. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz, Koenigstein, 627 pp.
  • Schlüter, U. 2007. Fransenfingereidechsen (Acanthodactylus) in der Natur und im Terrarium. Teil 1: Allgemeines zur Ökologie und Verhalten. Reptilia (Münster) 12 (66): 68-76 - get paper here
  • Schlüter, U. 2010. Fransenfingereidechsen (Acanthodactylus) in der Natur und im Terrarium. Teil 5b: Die Acanthodactylus-scutellatus-Gruppe. Reptilia (Münster) 15 (84): 62-66 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • Sow, Andack Saad; Duarte Vasconcelos Gonçalves, Fábio Vieira Sousa, Fernando Martínez- Freiría, Frederico Santarém, Guillermo Velo-Antón, Hamidou Dieng, João Carlos Campos, Saer Khayar Diagne, Zbyszek Boratyński, José Carlos Brito 2017. Atlas of the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Diawling National Park, Mauritania. Basic and Applied Herpetology - get paper here
  • Sow, Andack Saad; Fernando Martínez-Freiría, Pierre-André Crochet, Philippe Geniez, Ivan Ineich, Hamidou Dieng, Soumia Fahd, José Carlos Brito 2015. Atlas of the distribution of reptiles in the Parc National du Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania. Basic and Applied Herpetology - get paper here
  • Trape, J.F.; Trape, S. & Chirio, L. 2012. Lézards, crocodiles et tortues d'Afrique occidentale et du Sahara. IRD Orstom, 503 pp. - get paper here
 
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