Amphisbaena caiari TEIXEIRA JR, DA VECHIO, NETO & RODRIGUES, 2014

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Higher Taxa	Amphisbaenidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names	Portuguese: Cobra-de-Duas-Cabeças, Cobra-Cega
Synonym	Amphisbaena caiari TEIXEIRA JR, DA VECHIO, NETO & RODRIGUES 2014
Distribution	Brazil (Rondônia) Type locality: left side of Madeira River (ca. 08°47’S, 63°57’W, 90 m elevation), Usina Hidroelétrica Santo Antonio, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
Reproduction	oviparous (phylogenetic imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022)
Types	Holotype: MZUSP 101727, collected by biologists of Arcadis Tetraplan Consultoria Ambiental LTDA. Paratypes: MZUSP 101695–101697, 101715–101718, 101720, 101722–101726, 101728–101733, 102226–102236, 102238–102263 (ca. 08°47’S, 63°57’W, 90 m a.s.l.) from left side of Madeira River, Usina Hidroelétrica Santo Antonio, Porto Velho municipality, state of Rondônia, Brazil. MZUSP 101602 (09°35’50.43”S, 65°20’21.81”W, 113 m a.s.l., SAD69) from right side, and MZUSP 104081 (09°26’47.35”S, 64°49’29.93”W, 160 m a.s.l., SAD69) and MZUSP 104237 (09°27’13.53”S, 64°51’2.27”W, 145 m a.s.l., SAD69) from left side of Madeira River, Usina Hidroelétrica Jirau, Porto Velho municipality, state of Rondônia, Brazil. All collected by biologists of Arcadis Tetraplan Consultoria Ambiental LTDA, October 2010 to July 2012.
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: (1) A small sized species, maximum SVL = 157 mm; (2) two precloacal pores; (3) precloacal pores arranged in a continuous series; (4) snout rounded in lateral and dorsal views; (5) tip of tail rounded; (6) body annuli 233–250; (7) caudal annuli 20–24; (8) autotomy sites on caudal annuli 6–9; (9) 10 dorsal and 12–14 ventral segments per annulus at midbody; (10) postmalar row absent; (11) suture between frontals slightly smaller than parietal and nasal sutures; (12) tail short relative to body length (tail length/body length = 0.10).
Comment	Morphology: This species is one of ~20 species of Amphisbaena with two precloacal pores (Ribeiro et al. 2019).
Etymology	The specific epithet caiari is the ancient indigenous name, from the Tupi language, for the Madeira River, whose banks are inhabited by the new species.
References	Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here RIBEIRO, SÍRIA; JERRIANE O. GOMES, HELDER LÚCIO RODRIGUES DA SILVA, CARLOS EDUARDO D. CINTRA, NELSON JORGE DA SILVA JR. 2016. A new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a key to the two-pored species of Amphisbaena. Zootaxa 4147 (2): 124–142 - get paper here RIBEIRO, SÍRIA; VÂNIA SÁ, ALFREDO P. SANTOS-JR, ROBERTA GRABOSKI, HUSSAM ZAHER, ANDREI G. GUEDES, SHEILA P. ANDRADE, WILIAN VAZ-SILVA 2019. A new species of the Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado with a key for the two-pored species. Zootaxa 4550 (3): 301–320 - get paper here Teixeira, Mauro; Francisco Dal Vechio, Antonio Mollo Neto, and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2014. A New Two-Pored Amphisbaena Linnaeus, 1758, from Western Amazonia, Brazil (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). South American J. Herp. 9 (1): 62-74. - get paper here Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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