Anolis quaggulus COPE, 1885

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Higher Taxa	Anolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names
Synonym	Anolis quaggulus COPE 1885: 391 Anolis quaggulus — BOULENGER 1885: 83 Anolis quaggulus — FRANK & RAMUS 1995 Anolis quaggulus — KÖHLER 2003 Anolis quaggulus — KÖHLER et al. 2006 Norops quaggulus — NICHOLSON et al. 20146 Norops quaggulus — MCCRANIE & KÖHLER 2015: 10 Norops quaggulus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Norops quaggulus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023
Distribution	E Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica Type locality: “San Juan river, Nicaragua”.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: USNM 24979
Diagnosis
Comment	Similar species: A. humilis. Resurrected from the synonymy of N. humilis based mainly on differences in hemipenis morphology. Poe (2016) considers the diagnostic characters suggested by Köhler as insufficient to distinguish between A. quaggulus and humilis. Phillips et al. 2015 show that quaggulus is nested within Anolis/Norops humilis. Relationships: This species is allied to A. tropidonotus and A. uniformis, coming nearest the latter in its scutellation. The scales of the head are however quite different, and the dorsal scales less numerous and of a different form. The color is unlike anything hitherto observed in the genus. Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012)
References	Beckers, H. 2009. Anolis (Norops) quaggulus (COPE, 1885). Iguana Rundschreiben 22 (2): 18-22 Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1885. Twelfth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22: 167-194 [1884] - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1885. A contribution to the herpetology of Mexico. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22: 379-404 - get paper here Köhler, G. 2003. Reptiles of Central America. Herpeton Verlag, 367 pp. [review in Copeia 2004: 429] - get paper here Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp. Köhler, G.; Alt, S.; Grünfelder, C.; Dehling, M. & Sunyer, J. 2006. Morphological variation in Central American leaf-litter anoles: Norops humilis, N. quaggulus, and N. uniformis. Salamandra 42 (4): 239-254 - get paper here Köhler, Johannes 2013. Auf der Suche nach Verbreitungsgrenzen im karibischen Tiefland Costa Ricas. Terraria-Elaphe 2013 (3): 68-71 - get paper here Martínez-Fonseca JG, Holmes IA, Sunyer J, Westeen EP, Grundler MR, Cerda PA, Fernández-Mena MA, Loza-Molina JC, Monagan IV Jr., Nondorf D, Pandelis GG, Rabosky ARD 2023. A collection and analysis of amphibians and reptiles from Nicaragua with new country and departmental records. Check List 20(1): 58-125 - get paper here McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here McCranie, James R. and Gunther Köhler 2015. The Anoles (Reptilia: Squamata: Dactyloidae: Anolis: Norops) of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard (Special Publication Series, No. 1): 1-280 [review in Q. J. Biol. 91: 227] - get paper here Nicholson KE, C. Guyer, and JG Phillips 2017. Biogeographic Origin of Mainland Norops (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Assumptions Inhibiting Progress in Comparative Biology (eds. Crother and Parenti), pp. 169–184 NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here Phillips, JG, J. Deitloff, C. Guyer, S. Huetteman, and KE Nicholson 2015. Biogeography and evolution of a widespread Central American lizard species complex: Norops humilis, (Squamata: Dactyloidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 15: 143 - get paper here Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here Poe, S. 2016. Book review: The Anoles of Honduras: Systematics, Dis tribution, and Conservation. The Quarterly Review of Biology 91: 227 - get paper here Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here WERNING, Heiko 2012. Im Bad mit Anolis – ein Besuch bei Uwe Bartelt. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (6): 88-92 - get paper here Yuan, M. L., M. H. Wake, and I. J. Wang. 2019. Phenotypic integration between claw and toepad traits promotes microhabitat specialization in the Anolis adaptive radiation. Evolution 73: 231–244 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.saumfinger.de/anolis_quaggulus.html http://www.flickr.com/photos/hisno/7032947751/in/set-72157625373217395/ Google images

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