Aspidoscelis hyperythrus (COPE, 1863)

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Higher Taxa	Teiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies	Aspidoscelis hyperythrus beldingi (STEJNEGER 1894) Aspidoscelis hyperythrus hyperythrus (COPE 1863) Aspidoscelis hyperythrus schmidti (VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921)
Common Names	E: beldingi: Belding’s Orange-throated Whiptail G: Orangekehlige Rennechse S: Huico Garganta Naranja
Synonym	Cnemidophorus hyperythrus hyperythrus COPE 1863: 103 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus COPE 1864: 103 Verticaria hyperythra — VAN DENBURGH 1895: 128 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus — GADOW 1906: 307 Verticaria hyperythra hyperythra — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 556 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus hyperythrus — BURT 1929: 154 (part.) Verticaria espiritensis VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921: 397 Verticaria franciscensis VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus hyperythrus — SMITH 1939 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus hyperythrus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 187 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus hyperythrus — STEBBINS 1985: 152 Cnemidophorus espiritensis — GRISMER 1999 Cnemidophorus franciscensis — GRISMER 1999 Aspidoscelis hyperythra — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis espiritensis — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis franciscensis — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis hyperythra — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Aspidoscelis hyperythrus — PYRON & BURBRINK 2013 Aspidoscelis hyperythra — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015 Aspidoscelis hyperythrus beldingi (STEJNEGER 1894) Verticaria beldingi STEJNEGER 1894 Verticaria hyperythra beldingi — VAN DENBURGH 1895: 131 Verticaria hyperythra beldingi — VAN DENBURGH 1912: 150 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi — GRINNELL & CAMP 1917 Verticaria hyperythra beldingi — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 560 Verticaria hyperythra beldingi — KLAUBER 1928 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi — SMITH 1946 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 186 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi — STEBBINS 1985: 153 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi — MASLIN & SECOY 1986 Aspidoscelis hyperythra beldingi — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis hyperythra beldingi — CROTHER et al. 2012: 34 Aspidoscelis hyperythrus schmidti (VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921) Verticaria hyperythra schmidti VAN DENBURGH & SLEVIN 1921: 397 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus schmidti — LINSDALE 1932: 373 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus schmidti — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 187 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus schmidti — BOSTIC 1971 Cnemidophorus hyperythrus schmidti — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Distribution	USA (S California), Mexico (Baja California) beldingi: SW California southward on Pacific slopes (not Gulf) to Cedros Island. Type locality: “Cerros” Island, Baja California. hyperythrus: Southern third of the peninsula of Baja California and adjacent islands on both the Gulf and Pacific sides. Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Baja California. schmidti: The central fifth of the peninsula of Baja California and adjacent islands. Type locality: San Marcos Island, Gulf of California, Baja California.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Lectotype: USNM 5299; USNM 5299A was described by Burt (1931:226) and was formally selected as lectotype by Maslin and Secoy (1986:20). Holotype: USNM 11980 collected by L. Belding, [beldingi] Holotype: CAS 50512 [schmidti]
Diagnosis
Comment	Subspecies, synonymy and distribution after SMITH & TAYLOR 1950 and more subspecies after LINER 1994. GRISMER (1999) elevated a number of species to full species status, including espiritensis, franciscensis. All belong to the Aspidoscelis deppii group (fide REEDER et al. 2002). Aspidoscelis hyperythra displays a significant morphological shift between southern and northern populations at the Isthmus of La Paz. However, there are no fixed character states, such as number of pale dorsal stripes, diagnostic of southern and northern populations. The co-occurrence in local populations of variable numbers of individuals with five, six, or seven stripes makes peninsular A. hyperythra an unusual member of the A. deppii species-group, where number of stripes is consistent in local populations (Taylor & Walker 2014).
Etymology	Named after Greek hyper = above, beyond, over and Greek erythros = red. A. h. beldingi was named after Lyman Belding.
References	Bostic, D. L. 1971. Herpetofauna of the Pacific Coast of north central Baja California, Mexico, with a description of a new subspecies of Phyllodactylus xanti. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 16:237—263 - get paper here Brattstrom, B. H. 2000. The range, habitat requirements, and abundance of the orange-throated Whiptail, Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi. Bull. Southern California Acad. Asci. 99 (1): 1-24 Burt, C. E. 1931. A study of the teiid lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus with special reference to their phylogenetic relationships. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 154: 286 pp. - get paper here Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp. Cope, E.D. 1863. Descriptions of new American Squamata in the Museum of the Smtihsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15 [1863]: 100-106 - get paper here Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 Dickerson, M. C. 1919. Diagnoses of twenty-three new species and a new genus of lizards from Lower California. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 41 (10): 461-477 - get paper here Gadow,H. 1906. A contribution to the study of evolution based upon the Mexican species of Cnemidophorus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1906: 277-375 (+ maps) - get paper here Grinnell, J. & CAMP, C.L. 1917. A distributional list of the amphibians and reptiles of California. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 17: 127-208 Grismer, L. Lee 1999. Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of Cnemidophorus hyperythrus and C. ceralbensis (Squamata: Teiidae) in Baja California, México. Herpetologica 55 (1): 28-42 - get paper here Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here Klauber, L. M. 1928. A list of amphibians and reptiles of San Diego County, California. Zoological Society of San Diego (Bulletin #4): 1-8 - get paper here Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. (ed.) 2015. Amphibians and Reptiles of the US - Mexico Border States / Anfibios y Reptiles de los Estados de la Frontera México - Estados Unidos. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. x + 614 pp.; ISBN 978-1-62349-306-6. - get paper here Leviton, Alan E.; Banta, Benjamin H. 1964. Midwinter reconnaissance of the herpetofauna of the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 30 (7): 127-156 - get paper here Linsdale, J.M. 1932. Amphibians and reptiles from lower California. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38 (6): 345-386 Maslin, T. & Secoy, D.M. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Contr. Zool. Univ. Colorado Mus. 1: 1-60 Mocquard, M.F. 1899. Contribution a la faune herpétologique de la Basse-Californie. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Natur.Paris, 4th Series, Vol. 1: 297-343 + plates XI-XIII - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2013. Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecology Letters 17 (1): 13–21 (published online 2013, in print 2014), DOI: 10.1111/ele.12168 - get paper here REEDER, T.W.; CHARLES J. COLE AND HERBERT C. DESSAUER 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Whiptail Lizards of the Genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A Test of Monophyly, Reevaluation of Karyotypic Evolution, and Review of Hybrid Origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-64 - get paper here Rochester, Carlton J.; Cheryl S. Brehme, Denise R. Clark, Drew C. Stokes, Stacie A. Hathaway, and Robert N. Fisher 2010. Reptile and Amphibian Responses to Large-Scale Wildfires in Southern California. Journal of Herpetology 44 (3): 333–351 - get paper here Romero-Schmidt, Heidi L. and Alfredo Ortega-Rubio. 2000. Reproduction of the Cape Orange-throat Whiptail, Cnemidophorus hyperythrus hyperythrus. Herpetological Natural History 7(1):1-7 - get paper here Scott, P.A. 2013. Phylogeography and Species Limits of the Aspidoscelis hyperythra Complex of Baja California, Mexico. MS thesis, San Diego State University - get paper here Smith, Hobart M. 1939. An annotated list of the Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 27: 311-320 Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Stejneger, L. 1894. Description of a new lizard (Verticaria beldingi), from California. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 17: 17-18 - get paper here Taylor, Harry L. and James M. Walker 2014. Pattern of Differential Divergence Among Five Insular Species of the Aspidoscelis hyperythra Complex (Squamata: Teiidae), Baja California Sur, México. Journal of Herpetology Sep 2014, Vol. 48, No. 3: 355-362 - get paper here Taylor, Harry L. and James M. Walker 2014. Pan-Peninsular pattern of morphological variation in Aspidoscelis hyperythra (Squamata: Teiidae), Baja California, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist Jun 2014, Vol. 59, No. 2: 221-227. - get paper here Tevis, lloyd, Jr. 1944. Herpetological notes from lower California. Copeia 1944 (1): 6-18 - get paper here Thompson, J. S., Brian I. Crother and Andrew H. Price. 1998. Cnemidophorus hyperythrus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 655: 1-6. - get paper here Tucker, Derek B.; Guarino R. Colli, Lilian G. Giugliano, S. Blair Hedges, Catriona R. Hendry, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon, Jack W. Sites Jr., R. Alexander Pyron 2016. Methodological congruence in phylogenomic analyses with morphological support for teiid lizards (Sauria: Teiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 75-84 - get paper here Turner, Frederick B.; Robert I. Jennrich, Joel D. Weintraub 1969. Home Ranges and Body Size of Lizards Ecology 50 (6): 1076-1081 Van Denburgh, J.; Slevin, J. R. 1921. Preliminary diagnoses of new species of the peninsula of Lower California, with notes on the species in the collection of the Academy. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 11: 95-98 - get paper here Van Denburgh, J.; Slevin, J. R. 1921. Preliminary diagnoses of more new species of reptiles from islands in the gulf of California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 11 (17): 395-398 - get paper here Van Denburgh, John 1912. Notes on a collection of reptiles from Southern California and Arizona. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3: 147-154 - get paper here Van Denburgh, John 1922. The Reptiles of Western North America. Volume I. Lizards. Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. (10): 1–612 - get paper here Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here Walker, J. Martin;Taylor, Harry L. 1968. Geographical variation in the teiid lizard Cnemidophorus hyperythrus. I. The caeruleus-like subspecies. American Midland Naturalist 80 (1): 1-27 - get paper here Zweifel, Richard G. 1958. Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to western Mexico 2. Notes on reptiles and amphibians from the Pacific Coastal Islands of Baja California. American Museum Novitates (1895): 1-17 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://bio.lmu.edu/socal_nat_hist/reptiles/lizards.htm https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/292240356333903 Google images

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