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Charina bottae (BLAINVILLE, 1835)

IUCN Red List - Charina bottae - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaBoidae (Charinaidae, Charininae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: bottae: Northern Rubber Boa
G: Nordamerikanische Gummi Boa, Rubber Boa 
SynonymTortrix bottae BLAINVILLE 1835: 289
Charina bottae — GRAY 1849: 113
Wenona plumbea BAIRD & GIRARD 1852: 176
Wenona isabella BAIRD & GIRARD 1852: 176
Wenonia plumbea — JAN 1861
Pseuderyx Bottae — JAN 1861
Pseudoeryx Bottae — JAN 1862: 246
Wenonia plumbea — JAN 1862: 247
Charina brachyops COPE 1889: 88
Charina brachyops — BOULENGER 1893: 131
Charina bottae — BOULENGER 1893: 130
Charina bottae bottae — VAN DENBURGH 1920: 31
Channa bottae utahensis VAN DENBURGH 1920: 31
Charina bottae bottae — KLAUBER 1943: 85
Charina bottae utahensis — KLAUBER 1943: 86
Charina bottae bottae — STIMSON 1969
Charina bottae — GORMAN & GRESS 1970
Charina bottae bottae — STEBBINS 1985: 173
Charina bottae — STEBBINS 1985: 173
Charina bottae — KLUGE 1993
Charina bottae — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 202
Charina bottae — CROTHER 2000: 57
Charina bottae — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 30
Charina bottae — CROTHER et al. 2012
Charina bottae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 158
Charina bottae — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 29 
DistributionUSA (Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, W Montana, Nevada, N Utah, W Wyoming),
Canada (S British Columbia)

Type locality: California; restricted to Coast Range, opposite Menterey by SCHMIDT (1953)

utahensis: USA (Utah); Type locality, "Little Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Wasatch County, Utah."  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 0730, skin only, earlier indicated as in bad state - not indicated as type in MNHN catalogue
Holotype: CAS 38421 [utahensis]
Holotype: USNM 7299 [Wenona isabella]
Holotype: USNM 15524 [Charina brachyops]
Holotype: USNM 4492 [Wenona plumbea] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1479 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy partly after KLUGE 1993. STEWART 1977 and CROTHER (2000) do not recognize Charina bottae utahensis.

Type species: Tortrix bottae BLAINVILLE 1835 is the type species of the genus Charina GRAY 1849.

Type genus. Charina Gray 1849 is the type genus of the family Charinidae as erected by Gray 1849. Pyron et al. 2014 placed the following genera in this family: Subfamily Charininae Gray 1849 (Charina, Lichanura), subfamily Ungaliophiinae McDowell 1987 (Exiliboa, Ungaliophis). Quintero & Shear (2016) outline a proposal for suppressing Charinidae Gray, 1849 in favor of Charinidae Quintero, 1986. Pyron 2017 suggested that Charinidae Gray, 1849 should not be suppressed, but instead, the junior homonym Charinidae Quintero, 1986 be replaced by an appropriately emended name such as Charinusidae. ICZN 2020 decided that the name be Charinaidae Gray, 1849, a spelling emended by the ruling above. Charinidae Quintero, 1986 is a family of spiders, Arachnida, Amblypygi, with the type genus Charinus Simon in Raffray, Bolivar & Simon, 1892. 
EtymologyNamed after Paolo Emilio (=Paul Emile) Botta (1802-1870), explorer, physician, archaeologist and diplomat.

The genus was probably named after Greek charis (χάρις), loveliness, grace + Latin -ina, feminine suffix sometimes with diminutive implications. 
References
  • Aller, A.R. 1951. Hydrophily in Charina Herpetologica 7 (2): 84. - get paper here
  • Baird, S.F. and Girard,C. 1852. Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U.S. exploring expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. First part. - Including the species from the Western coast of America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6: 174-177 - get paper here
  • Bartholomew, B. D., and C. Lleyson. 1993. Charina bottae. Intermontanus, 2(1): 2
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de 1835. Description de quelques espèces de reptiles de la Californie précédée de l’analyse d’un système général d’erpétologie et d’amphibiologie. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 233-296 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Burger, W. Leslie 1952. A southern-most coast range locality for Charina bottae. Herpetologica 8 (1): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1888. On a new species of Charina from California. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 11: 88 [1889] - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Cunningham, J. D. 1966. Observations on the Taxonomy and Natural History of the Rubber Boa, Charina bottae. Southwestern Naturalist 1: 298—299. - get paper here
  • Ernst, C.H. & Ernst, E.M. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, 668 pp.
  • Erwin, D. B. 1964. Some findings on newborn rubber boas, Charina b. bottae. Copeia 1964 (1): 222-223 - get paper here
  • Erwin,C.B. 1974. Taxonomic status of the southern rubber boa, Charina bottae umbratica. Copeia 1974 (4): 996-997 - get paper here
  • Fitch, H. S. 1936. Amphibians and reptiles of the Rouge River Basin, Oregon. American Midland Naturalist 17: 634-652 - get paper here
  • Gorman, George C.;Gress, Franklin 1970. Chromosome cytology of four boid snakes and a varanid lizard, with comments on the cytosystematics of primitive snakes. Herpetologica 26 (3): 308-317 - get paper here
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  • Hoyer, R.F. & G.R. Stewart 2000. Biology of the Rubber Boa (Charina bottae), with Emphasis on C.b. umbratica. Part II: diet, Antagonists, and Predators Journal of Herpetology 34 (3): 354-360. - get paper here
  • Hoyer, R.F. & G.R. Stewart 2000. Biology of the Rubber Boa (Charina bottae), with Emphasis on C.b. umbratica. Part I: Capture, Size, Sexual Dimorphism, and Reproduction Journal of Herpetology 34 (3): 348-354. - get paper here
  • Hoyer,R.F. 1974. Description of a rubber boa (Charina bottae) population from western Oregon. Herpetologica 30: 275-283 - get paper here
  • ICZN 2020. Opinion 2454 (Case 3688) – Charinidae Gray, 1849 (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes): emended to Charinaidae to remove homonymy with Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi); Ungaliopheinae McDowell, 1987 (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes): emended Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 77(1), 63-65 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1862. Ueber die Familien der Eryciden und Tortriciden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 28 (1): 238-252 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1864. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 3. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1943. The subspecies of the rubbersnake, Charina. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 10 (7): 83-90 - get paper here
  • KLEIN, JADEN S. 2021. Geographic distribution: CHARINA BOTTAE (Northern Rubber Boa). USA: CALIFORNIA: Inyo Co. Herpetological Review 52 (3): 578. - get paper here
  • Kluge A G 1993. Calabaria and the phylogeny of erycine snakes. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 107 (4): 293-351 - get paper here
  • Lillywhite, H.B. 2022. Discovering snakes in wild places. ECO Publishing, Rodeo, NM, 164 pp. - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Moore, Neil. 2014. Charina bottae (rubber boa) diet. Herpetological Review 45 (4): 706 - get paper here
  • Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Hoyer, Richard F. 1974. Geographic variation and the validity of subspecies in the rubber boa, Charina bottae (Blainville). Northwest Science 48 (4): 219-229
  • Ortenburger, A.I. 1921. An Eastern Record and a Note on Charina bottae (Blainville) Copeia 100: 84. - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Peabody, R.B., J.A. Johnson & E.D. Brodie, Jr. 1975. Intraspecific Escape from Ingestion of the Rubber Boa, Charina bottae Journal of Herpetology 9 (2): 237. - get paper here
  • Pols, J.J. van der 1988. Care, breeding and other things worth knowing about the Rubberboa, Charina bottae bottae (Blainville). Litteratura Serpentium 8 (6): 244-254 - get paper here
  • Pyron, R. Alexander 2017. Comment (Case 3688) — On the proposed suppression of charinidae Gray, 1849 (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes): a counter-application. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 73 (2-4):124 - get paper here
  • Pyron, R. Alexander; Reynolds, R. Graham & Frank T. Burbrink 2014. A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae). Zootaxa 3846 (2): 249–260 - get paper here
  • Quintero A.D. & Shear, W.A. 2016. Case 3688. Charinidae Gray, 1849 (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes): proposed suppression. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 73(1): 25–29 - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here
  • Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Glenn R. Stewart and Theodore J. Papenfuss 2001. Mitochondrial DNA-Based Phylogeography of North American Rubber Boas, Charina bottae (Serpentes: Boidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 18 (2): 227–237 - get paper here
  • Ross, R. 1931. Behavior of the Rubber Snake. Copeia 1931 (1): 7-8 - get paper here
  • SHEDD, JACKSON D.; TIM TORELL & NICK STEUER. 2021. CHARINA BOTTAE (Northern Rubber Boa). DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 150–151. - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Stejneger, L.H. 1893. Annotated list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891, with descriptions of new species. North American Fauna, No. 7: 159-228 (+ 14 plates + 4 maps) - get paper here
  • Stejneger, Leonhard 1890. On the snakes of the genus Charina. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 13: 177-182 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, Leonhard 1891. On the snakes of the Californian genus Lichanura. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 14 (878): 511-515 - get paper here
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  • Svihla, Arthur 1943. Notes on young rubber boas. Copeia 1943 (2): 128 - get paper here
  • Switak, Karl H. 1997. Zwergboas Nordamerikas: in Natur und Terrarium. TI Magazin (138): 39-44
  • Tanner, Vasco M. 1933. A study of the variation of the dorsal scale rows of Charina bottae (Blainville). Copeia 1933 (2): 81-84 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1958. Herpetological range extensions. Herpetologica 14: 195-196 - get paper here
  • TOMOLEONI, J. A., AND R. F. HOYER 2020. Geographic Distribution: Charina bottae bottae (Northern Rubber Boa). USA: California: Monterey Co. Herpetological Review 51: 273.
  • Van Denburgh, J. 1920. Description of a new subspecies of boa (Charina bottae utahensis) from Utah. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 10: 31-34 - get paper here
  • Van Denburgh,J. and Slevin,J.R. 1921. A list of the amphibians and reptiles of Nevada, with notes on the species in the collection of the academy. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 11 (2): 27-38 - get paper here
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