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Craspedocephalus strigatus (GRAY, 1842)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Horseshoe (pit-) viper 
SynonymTrimeresurus strigatus GRAY 1842: 49
Lachesis strigatus BOULENGER 1896
Atropos darwini DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1520 (fide SMITH 1943)
Trigonocephalus (Cophias) neelgherriensis JERDON 1854 (fide SMITH 1943)
Lachesis strigata — WALL 1919:
Trimeresurus strigatus — SMITH 1943: 514
Trimeresurus strigatus — WELCH 1994: 117
Protobothrops strigatus — KRAUS et al. 1996
Trimeresurus strigatus — HERRMANN et al. 2004
Trimeresurus strigatus — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Trimeresurus strigatus — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) strigatus — DAVID et al. 2011
Craspedocephalus strigatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 188
Craspedocephalus strigatus — MALLIK et al. 2021: 609
Peltopelor strigatus — MIRZA et al. 2023
Craspedocephalus (Peltopelor) strigatus — IDIIATULLINA et al. 2023 (by implication) 
DistributionIndia (Western Ghats, Nilgiri Hills, Anamalai Hills, Palni Hills, Shevaroy Hills, Deccan, Kerala).

Type locality: “Cape of GoodHope?” and “Madras?”, restricted to “Madras Presidency” by BOULENGER 1896: 550; given as “from Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu” by Mallik et al. 2021.  
Reproduction 
TypesSyntypes NHMUK 1946.1.18.79, NHMUK 1946.1.18.78 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous! 
EtymologyLatinized from its stem word ‘strigate’ alluding to the pattern streaked with colourful, alternate, transverse bars. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • DAVID, PATRICK; GERNOT VOGEL & ALAIN DUBOIS 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51 - get paper here
  • GANESH, S.R. & S. R. CHANDRAMOULI 2018. Die Verbreitung von Trimeresurus strigatus Gray, 1842 – Eine berichtigende Notiz. Sauria 40 (1): 87-91 - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S.R.; S. Bhupathy, P. Karthik, G. Babu Rao & S. Babu 2020. Catalogue of herpetological specimens from peninsular India at the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), India. JoTT 12 (9): 16123–16135 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1842. Synopsis of the species of Rattle snakes, or Family of Crotalidae. Zoological Miscellany 2: 47- 51. - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; Ziegler, T.; Malhotra, A.; Thorpe, R.S. & Parkinson, C.L. 2004. Redescription and systematics of Trimeresurus cornutus (Serpentes: Viperidae)based on morphology and molecular data. Herpetologica 60 (2): 211-221 - get paper here
  • Idiiatullina SS, Pawangkhanant P, Tawan T, Worranuch T, Dechochai B, Suwannapoom C, Nguyen TV, Chanhome L, Poyarkov NA 2023. Limestone jewel: A new colourful karst-dwelling pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from the poorly explored borderlands of southern peninsular Thailand. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 697-716 - get paper here
  • Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here
  • Mallik AK, Srikanthan AN, Ganesh SR, Vijayakumar SP, Campbell PD, Malhotra A, Shanker K 2021. Resolving pitfalls in pit viper systematics – A multi-criteria approach to species delimitation in pit vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals cryptic diversity. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 577-619 - get paper here
  • Mirza ZA, H. T. Lalremsanga, Bhosale H, Gowande G, Patel H, Idiatullina SS, Poyarkov NA 2023. Systematics of Trimeresurus popeiorum Smith, 1937 with a revised molecular phylogeny of Asian pitvipers of the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 sensu lato. Evolutionary Systematics 7(1): 91-104 - get paper here
  • Palot, M.J. 2015. A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8010–8022 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Wall, F. 1906. The poisonous snakes of India and how to recognize them, Part II. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 299-334 - get paper here
  • Wall,F. 1919. Notes on a collection of Snakes made in the Nilgiri Hills and the adjacent Wynaad. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 552-584 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Whitaker, Romulus and Ashok Captain 2004. Snakes of India. Draco Books, 500 pp., reprinted 2007 - get paper here
 
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