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Crotalus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

IUCN Red List - Crotalus molossus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesCrotalus molossus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
Crotalus molossus nigrescens GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus oaxacus GLOYD 1948 
Common NamesE: Black Tailed Rattlesnake, Northern Black Tailed Rattlesnake; nigrescens: Mexican black-tailed Rattlesnake; oaxacus: Oaxacan Black-tailed Rattlesnake)
G: Schwarzschwanz-Klapperschlange
S: Cascabel Serrana 
SynonymCrotalus molossus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853
Crotalus molossus BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 10
Crotalus molossus molossus — GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus molossus — KLAUBER 1952: 84
Crotalus molossus molossus — STEBBINS 1985: 230
Crotalus molossus molossus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 237
Crotalus molossus molossus — LINER 1994
Crotalus molossus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 289
Crotalus molossus molossus — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 528
Crotalus molossus — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 517
Caudisona (Smythus) molossus — HOSER 2009
Crotalus molossus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 192
Crotalus molossus molossus — MUÑOZ-MORA et al. 2022

Crotalus molossus nigrescens GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus nigrescens GLOYD 1936
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — KLAUBER 1952: 97
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — FUGLER 1956
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — KISSER 1980
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — LINER 1994
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — OLIVIER 2008
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — SPRANGER 2015: 8
Crotalus molossus nigrescens — MUÑOZ-MORA et al. 2022

Crotalus molossus oaxacus GLOYD 1948
Crotalus molossus oaxacus GLOYD 1948
Crotalus molossus oaxacus — LINER 1994
Crotalus molossus oaxacus — BEAMAN & HAYES 2008
Crotalus molossus oaxacus — MUÑOZ-MORA et al. 2022 
DistributionUSA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), Mexico (Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, Quéretaro, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Morelos, Jalisco, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, Puebla, Sinaloa, Nayarit etc.)

nigrescens: Mexico (S Sonora, SW Chihuahua, Durango, S Coahuila, south to Oaxaca and Veracruz, Tlaxcala (HR 34: 387)); Type locality: Zacatecas, 6.4 km W La Colorada.

oaxacus: Mexico (Oaxaca); Type locality: “Oaxaca”

molossus: USA (Texas, S New Mexico); Type locality: Fort Webster, Santa Rita del Cobre, New Mexico.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 485
Holotype: UMMZ 77833 [nigrescens]
Holotype: USNM 46467, female [oaxacus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2862 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

GRISMER (1999) elevated estebanensis to full species status based on morphology and coloration using an evolutionary species concept.

Phylogenetics: based on mitochondrial DNA sequences, molossus, nigrescens, and oaxacus are separate but paraphyletic lineages (Muñoz-Mora et al. 2022). However,Muñoz-Mora et al. 2022 refrained from explicitly elevating them to full species pending further data, although this may be the only way to avoid paraphyly.

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011.

Similar species: C. ornatus. 
EtymologyThe specific name comes from a Latin word for a large ferocious dog from Molossia (Epirus), a preferred type of watchdog in Italy and Greece. The subspecific name, nigrescens, also is Latin and means "to become dark in color." (LEMOS-ESPINAL & DIXON 2013). The oaxacus is named after its locality. 
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