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Elaphe bimaculata SCHMIDT, 1925

IUCN Red List - Elaphe bimaculata - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Chinese Leopard Snake
G: Chinesische Leopardnatter od. Zweifleckennatter
Chinese: 双斑锦蛇 
SynonymElaphe bimaculata SCHMIDT 1925: 3
Elaphe dimaculata — MELL 1931 [1929] (in error)
Elaphe bimaculata — SCHULZ 1996: 79
Elaphe bimaculata — UTIGER et al. 2002
Elaphe bimaculata — MATTISON 2007: 184
Elaphe bimaculata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 261 
DistributionC China (from E Sichuan to Jiangsu, north to Hebei; Chekiang, Anhwei, Jiangxi), Inner Mongolia

Type locality: China: Ningkwo, Anhwei (= Anhui) Province (Schmidt, 1925)  
Reproductionoviparous; triploid specimen reported by Rovatsos et al. 2018. 
TypesHolotype: AMNH 24640 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4919 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentCan be confused with Elaphe dione and the latter is occasionally sold as E. bimaculata in the pet trade. E. bimaculata has a V- or U-shaped pattern on its head while E. dione has a W-shaped pattern. 
References
  • Augstenová, Barbora; Sofia Mazzoleni, Lukáš Kratochvíl Orcid and Michail Rovatsos 2017. Evolutionary Dynamics of the W Chromosome in Caenophidian Snakes. Genes 2018, 9(1), 5; doi:10.3390/genes9010005 - get paper here
  • Bartz, H. 1989. Keeping and breeding Elaphe bimaculata. Litteratura Serpentium 9 (6): 277-280 - get paper here
  • Diekmann, M. & Weyers, A. 2006. Haltung und Nachzucht der chinesischen Dione-Natter (Elaphe dione). Reptilia (Münster) 11 (58): 64-71 - get paper here
  • Gillissen, F. 1996. Breeding results: Elaphe bimaculata. Litteratura Serpentium 16 (2): 53 - get paper here
  • Glass, Bryan P. 1946. A collection of reptiles from Hunan and Anhwei provinces, China. Copeia 1946 (4): 249-252 - get paper here
  • Helfenberger, Notker 2001. Phylogenetic relationship of Old World Ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography, osteology, and allozyme variation. Russ. J. Herpetol. (Suppl.): 1-56 - get paper here
  • Langeveld, C.M. (Koert) 1995. The Chinese leopard snake, Elaphe bimaculata (K.P. Schmidt, 1925) an easy snake to keep. Litteratura Serpentium 15 (4): 82-88 - get paper here
  • Mattison, Chris 1997. Four small Eurasian rat snakes. Reptiles 5 (3): 24-29
  • Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press
  • Meer, Jan van het 1999. Elaphe bimaculata. Litteratura Serpentium 19 (4): 119-121 - get paper here
  • Qi, S., Shi, J. S., Ma, Y. B., Gao, Y. F., Bu, S. H., Grismer, L. L., Li, P.P. & Wang, Y. Y. 2021. A sheep in wolf's clothing: Elaphe xiphodonta sp. nov.(Squamata, Colubridae) and its possible mimicry to Protobothrops jerdonii. ZooKeys 1048: 23-47 - get paper here
  • Rovatsos M.; Augstenová B.; Altmanová M.; Sloboda M.; Kodym P. & Kratochvíl L. 2018. Triploid Colubrid Snake Provides Insight into the Mechanism of Sex Determination in Advanced Snakes. Sexual Development - get paper here
  • Schmidt, KARL P. 1925. New Chinese amphibians and reptiles. American Museum Novitates (175): 1-3. - get paper here
  • Schulz, K. D. 1996. Eine Monographie der Schlangengattung Elaphe Fitzinger. Bushmaster, Berg (CH): 1-460
  • Schulz, K.-D. 1986. Die hinterasiatischen Kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe, Teil 5 Elaphe bimaculata (SCHMIDT, 1925). Sauria 8 (2): 23-26 - get paper here
  • Schulz, Klaus Dieter 1989. Die hinterasiatischen Kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe. Teil 5: Elaphe bimaculata (Schmidt, 1925). Litteratura Serpentium 9 (3): 137 - get paper here
  • Schulz, Klaus-Dieter 1996. A monograph of the colubrid snakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger. Koeltz Scientific Books, 439 pp.
  • Simonov, Evgeniy; Artem Lisachov, Natalia Oreshkova, Konstantin Krutovsky 2018. The mitogenome of Elaphe bimaculata (Reptilia: Colubridae) has never been published: a case with the complete mitochondrial genome of E. dione. Acta Herpetologica 13 (2): 185-189 - get paper here
  • Treu, Bruno 2008. Amurnattern Elaphe schrenckii & Elaphe anomala. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 64 pp. - get paper here
  • Utiger, Urs, Notker Helfenberger, Beat Schätti, Catherine Schmidt, Markus Ruf and Vincent Ziswiler 2002. Molecular systematics and phylogeny of Old World and New World ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and related genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (2): 105-124. - get paper here
  • Velden, Robby van der 2010. (Breeding)experience with the Chinese twin-spotted ratsnake (Elaphe bimaculata). Litteratura Serpentium 30 (1): 6-10 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Wang, Y.Q.; Zhou, K.Y.; Xu, L.S.; Yang, G.; Xu, G.J. 1999. The Evolutionary Relationships of Several Colubrid Snakes Suggested by Sequence Analysis of Cyt b Gene Fragment. Acta Zoologica Sinica 45:332-338
  • ZHANG Li-Jia BAO Wei-Dong 2010. A New Record of Snake in Inner Mongolia: Elaphe bimaculata Nasendelger. Chinese Journal of Zoology 2010 - 3 - get paper here
  • Zhao, E.M. 2006. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. House, Vol. I, 372 pp., Vol. II (color plates), 280 pp.
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
 
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