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Gonyosoma frenatum (GRAY, 1853)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Khasi Hills Trinket snake
G: Zügelnatter
Chinese: 灰腹绿锦蛇 
SynonymHerpetrodryas [sic] frenatus GRAY 1853: 390
Coluber frenatus — BOULENGER 1890 (fide SMITH 1943: 144)
Coluber frenatus — BOULENGER 1894: 58
Elaphe frenata POPE 1935
Rhadinophis melli VOGT 1922
Gonyosoma caldwelli SCHMIDT 1925: 4
Gonyosoma melli — MELL 1931 [1929]
Elaphe frenata — SMITH 1943: 144
Chrysopelea ornata var. lungchuanensis HU et al. 1958
Elaphe frenata — DAS 1996: 56
Elaphe frenata — SCHULZ 1996: 129
Gonyosoma frenata — DAS 1997
Elaphe frenata — VOGEL 2002 (pers. comm.)
Elaphe frenata — GUMPRECHT 2003
Elaphe frenata — MAO et al. 2003
Elaphe frenata — ORLOV et al. 2003
Elaphe frenata — SHARMA 2004
Gonyosoma frenatum — UTIGER et al. 2005
Elaphe frenata — ZHAO 2006
Rhadinophis frenata — BURBRINK 2007
Gonyosoma frenatum — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Rhadinophis frenatum — PYRON & BURBRINK 2013
Rhynchophis frenatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 640
Gonyosoma frenatum — CHEN et al. 2014
Gonyosoma frenatus — FELDMAN et al. 2015
Gonyosoma frenatum — WANG et al. 2022 
DistributionIndia (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh (Siddi (=Gandhigram) - Changlang district) [A. Captain, pers. comm.]),
S China (to SW Sichuan; Fujian, Guangdong, Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Zhejian), Taiwan
N Vietnam

Type locality: India: Khasi Hills (Gray, 1853)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.1.6.5 (formerly BMNH 1853.8.12.20), adult female (J. Hooker, May–Dec. 1850).
Holotype: ZMB 27662 [Rhadinophis melli] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (418 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNomenclature: Rhadinophis is male and thus the name has to be “frenatus” (Kriton Kunz, pers. comm.).

Type species: Rhadinophis melli VOGT 1922 is the type species of Rhadinophis VOGT 1922 (= Gonyosoma or Elaphe fide WILLIAMS & WALLACH 1989 without justification). The status of Rhadinophis is briefly discussed in SCHULZ et al. 2011 and may need revision. Chen et al. 2014 state that Rhadinophis frenatus is the type species of Rhadinophis.

Synonymy: Kaiser et al. 2013 considered the generic name Katrinahoserea Hoser 2012 invalid and rejected its use instead of Rhadinophis.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Distribution: possibly in Yunnan (China) but records from there are questionable (Wang et al. 2022). 
References
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Burbrink, Frank T. and Robin Lawson 2007. How and when did Old World ratsnakes disperse into the New World? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43 (1): 173-189 - get paper here
  • Chen, Xin; Alexander d. Mckelvy, L. Lee Grismer, Masafumi Matsui, Kanto Nishikawa, Frank T. Burbrink 2014. The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the Rainbow Tree Snake Gonyophis margaritatus (Peters, 1871) (Squamata: Colubridae). Zootaxa 3881 (6): 532–548 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1853. Descriptions of some undescribed species of reptiles collected by Dr. Joseph Hooker in the Khassia Mountains, East Bengal, and Sikkim Himalaya. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 12: 386 - 392 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A. 2003. Anmerkungen zu den Chinesischen Kletternattern der Gattung Elaphe (sensu lato) FITZINGER 1833. Reptilia (Münster) 8 (44): 37-41 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A. 2004. Spitzkopfnattern (die Gattung Gonyosoma). Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 64 pp. - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hoser, R.T. 2012. The dissolution of the genus Rhadinophis Vogt, 1922 (Serpentes: Colubrinae). Australasian J. Herpetol. 12:16–17. - get paper here
  • Kaiser, H.; Crother, B.I.; Kelly, C.M.R.; Luiselli, L.; O’Shea, M.; Ota, H.; Passos, P.; Schleip, W.D. & Wüster, W. 2013. Best Practices: In the 21st Century, Taxonomic Decisions in Herpetology are Acceptable Only When Supported by a Body of Evidence and Published via Peer-Review. Herpetological Review 44 (1): 8-23
  • Mao, J.J.; Chu, H.P.; Chen, U.C. & Yeh, K.C. 2003. The First Description of Elaphe frenata Gray, 1853 (Colubridae; Squamata) from Taiwan. Coll. and Res. 16: 1-6
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  • Pope, CLIFFORD H. 1935. The Reptiles of China. Turtes, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, Nat. Hist. Central Asia, 10: lii, 1-604 - get paper here
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  • Schmidt, KARL P. 1925. New reptiles and a new salamander from China. American Museum Novitates (157): 1-5. - get paper here
  • Schulz, B. & K.-D. Schulz 2011. Zur Kenntnis, Pflege und Zucht der Vietnamesischen Langnasennatter, Rhynchophis boulengeri Mocquard, 1897. Reptilia (Münster) 16 (87): 60-66 - get paper here
  • Schulz, K. D. 1996. Eine Monographie der Schlangengattung Elaphe Fitzinger. Bushmaster, Berg (CH): 1-460
  • SCHULZ, Klaus-Dieter 1991. Die hinterasiatischen Kletternattem der Gattung Elaphe Teil XX Elaphe prasina (BLYTH 1854) und Elaphe frenata (GRAY 1853). Sauria 13 (2): 15-17 - get paper here
  • Schulz, Klaus-Dieter 1996. A monograph of the colubrid snakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger. Koeltz Scientific Books, 439 pp.
  • Schulz, Klaus-Dieter; Wolfgang Böhme, Frank Tillack 2011. Hemipenis Morphology of Coronella Bella Stanley, 1917 with Comments on Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Issues of Ratsnakes (Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae: Elaphe Auct.). Russ. J. Herpetol. 18 (4): 273–283<br> - get paper here
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  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
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