Hemiergis quadrilineatus (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1839)

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Higher Taxa	Scincidae, Sphenomorphinae (Sphenomorphini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Two-toed Earless Skink
Synonym	Chelomeles quadrilineatus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 774 Lygosoma quadrilineatum — BOULENGER 1887: 328 Lygosoma (Leiolopisma) quadrilineatum — SMITH 1937: 224 Hemiergis quadrilineatum — GLAUERT 1960 Lygosoma (Hemiergis) quadrilineatum — FORD 1963 Hemiergis quadrilineatum — FRANK & RAMUS 1995 Hemiergis quadrilineatum — COGGER 2000: 502 Hemiergis quadrilineata — WILSON & SWAN 2010: 260 Hemiergis quadrilineata — SKINNER et al. 2013 Hemiergis quadrilineatum — COGGER 2014: 576 Hemiergis quadrilineatus — CHAPPLE et al. 2021
Distribution	Australia (Western Australia) Type locality: Australia.
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Holotype: MNHN-RA 7140 (by monotypy)
Diagnosis
Comment	Synonymy: Status unclear. COGGER 1983 synonymized Hemiergis quadrilineata with H. peronii but listed it as valid species in COGGER 2000, 2014. Relationships: Reeder & Reichert 2011 showed that both species are closely related but treated them as separate. The two-toed H. quadrilineatum is closely related to the three- and four-toed populations of H. peroni. Limb morphology: 2 digits, 2 toes (Singhal et al. 2018, Reeder and Reichert 2011)
Etymology	Named after Latin quadri = four, and linea = line.
References	Boulenger, G. A. 1887. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London: 575 pp. - get paper here Chapple, David G; Roll, Uri; Böhm, Monika; Aguilar, Rocío Amey, Andrew P Austin, Chris C Baling, Marleen Barley, Anthony J Bates, Michael F Bauer, Aaron M Blackburn, Daniel G Bowles, Phil Brown, Rafe M Chandramouli, S R Chirio, Laurent Cogger, Hal Co 2021. Conservation Status of the World’s Skinks (Scincidae): Taxonomic and Geographic Patterns in Extinction Risk. Biological Conservation 257: 109101 - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Couper, P., Covacevich, J., Amey, A. & Baker, A. 2006. The genera of skinks (Family Scincidae) of Australia and its island territories: diversity, distribution and identification. in: Merrick, J.R., Archer, M., Hickey, G.M. & Lee, M.S.Y. (eds.). Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Australian Scientific Publishing, Sydney, pp. 367-384 Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here Ford, J. 1963. The Reptilian Fauna of the Islands between Dongara and Lancelin, Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 8 (6): 135-142 - get paper here Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 Glauert, L. 1960. Herpetological miscellanea. XII. The family Scincidae in Western Australia. Pt. 2. The genus Lygosoma. Western Australian Naturalist 7 (4): 81-99 - get paper here Licht, P., W.R. Dawson & V.H. Shoemaker 1966. Heat resistance of some Australian lizards Copeia 1966 (2): 162-169. - get paper here Maryan, B., Browne-Cooper, R. and Bush, B. 2002. Herpetofauna Survey of the Maralla Road Bushland. Western Australian Naturalist 23: 197-205 - get paper here Singhal, Sonal; Huateng Huang, Maggie R. Grundler, María R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, Iris Holmes, Pascal O. Title, Stephen C. Donnellan, and Daniel L. Rabosky 2018. Does Population Structure Predict the Rate of Speciation? A Comparative Test across Australia’s Most Diverse Vertebrate Radiation. The American Naturalist - get paper here Skinner, Adam; Mark N. Hutchinson, Michael S.Y. Lee 2013. Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Australian Sphenomorphus Group Skinks (Scincidae, Squamata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 906–918 - get paper here Smith, M.A. 1937. A review of the genus Lygosoma (Scincidae: Reptilia) and its allies. Records of the Indian Museum 39 (3): 213-234 Storr, G. M. 1975. The genus Hemiergis (Lacertilia: Scincidae) in Western Australia. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 3: 251-260 - get paper here Storr, G. M.; L. A. Smith, and R. E. Johnstone 1999. Lizards of Western Australia. I. Skinks. Revised Edition. Western Australian Museum Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.wildherps.com/species/L.picturatus.html Google images

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