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Protobothrops mangshanensis (ZHAO, 1990)

IUCN Red List - Protobothrops mangshanensis - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mangshan pitviper, Mt. Mang Pitviper, Mang Mountain Pitviper
Chinese: 莽山原矛头蝮 
SynonymTrimeresurus mangshanensis ZHAO 1990
Ermia mangshanensis — ZHANG 1993
Ermia mangshanensis — ZHANG 1998
Trimeresurus mangshanensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 339
Ermia mangshanensis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2002
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — GUMPRECHT & TILLACK 2004 (nom. nov.)
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — ZHAO 2006
Protobothrops mangshanensis — GUO et al. 2007
Protobothrops mangshanensis — ORLOV et al. 2009
Protobothrops mangshanensis — LIVIGNI 2013: 414
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 795
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — VISSER 2015
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — DAVID & VOGEL 2015
Protobothrops mangshanensis — SNETKOV & ORLOV 2017 
DistributionChina (Hunan)

Type locality: Mt. Mang (Mangshan), Pingkeng District, Yizhang County, Hunan Province, China, elevation 700-900 m.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: CIB 098485, juvenile male (designated by GUO et al. 2012)
Holotype: ZS 8901 (considerably damaged and skull removed); Paratype: ZS 8902 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4322 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Nomenclature: The genus Ermia is pre-occupied by a locust genus.

Distribution: see map in Guo et a. 2016: 383 (Fig. 1).

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
Etymologynamed after the type locality. 
References
  • David, Patrick; Tong, Haiyan 1997. Translations of recent descriptions of Chinese pitvipers of the Trimeresurus-complex (Serpentes, Viperidae), with a key to the complex in China and adjacent areas. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (112): 1-31 - get paper here
  • Deng, Z., Xia, X., Zhang, M., Chen, X., Ding, X., Zhang, B., ... & Yang, D. 2024. Predicting the Spatial Distribution of the Mangshan Pit Viper (Protobothrops mangshanensis) under Climate Change Scenarios Using MaxEnt Modeling. Forests, 15(4), 723 - get paper here
  • Fischer, O. 2018. Spannende Reptilien und moderne Technik in neuen Schweizer Zooanlagen - Jurrasic Park lebt! Teil 2: Aquatis – Eröffnung und erster Rundgang. Reptilia 23 (130): 44-55
  • GAO, ZHIWEI; TIANYU QIAN, JIANPING JIANG, DEJIA HOU, XUEJIAN DENG & DAODE YANG. 2022. Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province, China. Biodiversity Science 30 (2): 21290, 1–15 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Boyer, D.M. & Tepedelen, K. 2002. Die Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (sensu lato) LACÉPÈDE, Teil I: Anmerkungen zur Biologie, Haltung und ANchzucht von Ermia mangshangensis (ZHAO 1990). Sauria 24 (4): 3-11 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Gumprecht, Andreas and Frank Tillack 2004. Proposal for a replacement name of the snake genus Ermia Zhang, 1993. Russ. J. Herpetol. 11(1): 73-76. - get paper here
  • Guo, P., F. J. Zhang, and Y. Y. Chen. 1999. Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles in the Herpetological Collections of Chengdu Institute of Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 43~47 - get paper here
  • Guo, P.; Jadin, R.C.; Malhotra, A. & Li, C. 2009. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis. Acta Zoologica 91: 402-407 - get paper here
  • Guo, P.; Li, J.; Chen, Y. & Wang, Y. 2012. Designation of a Neotype for Protobothrops mangshanensis (Zhao, 1990). Asian Herpetological Research 3 (4): 340–341 - get paper here
  • GUO, PENG; QIN LIU, TAO WEN, RONG XIAO, MING FANG, GUANGHUI ZHONG, NGUYEN Q. TRUONG, FEI ZHU, ROBERT C. JADIN, CAO LI 2016. Multilocus phylogeny of the Asian Lance-headed pitvipers (Squamata, Viperidae, Protobothrops). Zootaxa 4093 (3): 382–390 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Huang, Xin; Daode Yang, Liang Zhang, Baowei Zhang 2014. Mitochondrial genome of Protobothrops mangshanensis (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Mitochondrial DNA 25 (6): 435-436, doi: 10.3109/19401736.2013.809445 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
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  • Mebert, K. 2020. Untersuchungen im Lebensraum der hochbedrohten Mangshan-Viper (Protobothrops mangshanensis). Elaphe 2020 (4): 66-69
  • Orlov, Nikolai L.; Sergei A. Ryabov, and Nguyen Thien Tao 2009. Two New Species of Genera Protobothrops Hoge et Romano-Hoge, 1983 and Viridovipera Malhotra et Thorpe, 2004 (Ophidia: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Karst Region in Northeastern Vietnam. Part I. Description of a New Species of Protobothrops Genus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 16 (1): 69-82 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
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  • Snetkov, P. B.; N. L. Orlov 2017. Phylogenetic Analysis of Old World Viperid Snakes (Serpentes, Viperidae) Based on Skeletal Morphology. Russ. J. Herpetol. 24 (1): 22-34 - get paper here
  • Spranger, Tade Matthias 2012. Haltung und Handel „exotischer” Tiere als Gegenstand des Polizei- und Ordnungsrechts. Draco 13 (51): 44-53 - get paper here
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  • YANG, JIAN-HUAN; NIKOLAI L. ORLOV & YING-YONG WANG 2011. A new species of pitviper of the genus Protobothrops from China (Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2936: 59–68 - get paper here
  • Zhang, F.J. 1993. Division of the genus Trimeresurus (sensu lato) based on the morphology of their skulls. In: Zhao, E.M. et al. (eds.). Proc. First Asian herpetology Meeting 1992; Chines Forestry Press (Beijing), Herp. Ser. 4: 48-57
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