Pseudocophotis sumatrana (HUBRECHT, 1879)
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Pseudocophotis sumatrana
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| Higher Taxa | Agamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Calotes nasicornis VAN DER HOEVEN 1855 (nomen oblitum) Cophotis sumatrana HUBRECHT 1879 Cophotis sumatrana — BOULENGER 1885: 276 Calotes aberrans ROSÉN 1905 Cophotis sumatrana — DE ROOIJ 1915: 91 Cophotis sumatrana — WERMUTH 1967: 43 Pseudocophotis sumatrana — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 200 Cophotis (inc. sed.) sumatrana — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 44 Pseudocalotes sumatrana — HALLERMANN & BÖHME 2000 Pseudocophotis sumatrana — ANANJEVA et al. 2007 Pseudocophotis sumatrana — HALLERMANN et al. 2010 Pseudocophotis sumatrana — DENZER et al. 2021 |
| Distribution | Indonesia (Sumatra, Java: Bogor, Pengalengan) Type locality: “Sumatra, environs of Padang ?” fide WERMUTH 1967. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: Medium-sized agamid lizard (SVL up to 81 mm, TL up to 119 mm, TL/SVL 1.34–1.57, based on seven specimens); tympanum covered by a large scale; males with a soft, small, cylindrical or laterally compressed rostral appendage; 6–7 supralabials, 5–7 infralabials; nasal in contact with first supralabial; corona of triangular superciliary scales, two conical scales on the upper forehead anterior to the eyes; a large pointed scale (smooth nuchal spine) behind the eyes. A bony ridge on the occipital region. A small gular sac (in males) with adjacent inverted V-shaped fold; gular fold present; gular scales smooth, rhomboid and partially overlapping laterally; iuxtagular scales large, convex. Nuchal crest composed of lanceolate spines, separated from the dorsal crest; a nuchal spine present in adult males. Scales of the neck and shoulder region strongly keeled, pointing backwards. Dorsal and lateral scales squarish to rhomboid, mostly smooth only some of them keeled, arranged in slightly irregular rows; 25–30 scales between axilla and groin; 28–36 scales around midbody; dorsals much larger than ventrals; ventral scales strongly keeled and sharply pointed; number of smooth subgular and keeled ventral scales (approximately 90–100 from the tip of the snout to the vent). Dorsal crest composed of triangular-shaped scales, continuous with caudal crest consisting of similar scales present on most of the tail length; limbs dorsally with strongly keeled scales; third and fourth toe nearly equally long; basal subdigital lamellae not or only little keeled (T4S 22–27, F4S 19–22 for four specimens). Tail probably only prehensile in the distal part. There exists a clear sexual dimorphism: females are lacking a rostral appendage and the corona of supraciliary scales is only weakly indicated; their dorsal and lateral scales are arranged in rather regular rows; females have only a low nuchal crest, dorsal and caudal crests are not developed, but are merely a denticulated ridge. As is the case in several other draconine species, younger specimens have a rather female appearance. For example, ZMA.RENA 15190 (SVL 65.5 mm, TL 93.0 mm) is a (subadult) male with a small rostral appendage (RAL: 1.4 mm) and a low corona of triangular supraciliary scales. The dorsal scales are rather smooth, arranged in near regular rows, only some with a keel. Not only does the development of the rostral appendage appear to be ontogenetic but also the formation of strongly keeled scales in the nuchal region, ventrally and on dorsal surfaces of the limbs. The nuchal crest is composed of a single row of triangular scales in young males; in adult males the nuchal crest is composed of three to five scale rows, the longest scales lanceolate, curving backwards. Supraciliary scales, if at all present, are only weakly indicated in female specimens and constitute another ontogenetic character in males. Some morphometric and meristic data are summarised in Table 1 (Denzer et al. 2021). |
| Comment | Type species: Cophotis sumatrana HUBRECHT 1879 is the type species of the genus Pseudocophotis MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 200. |
| Etymology | Named after the type locality. |
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