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Trimeresurus malcolmi LOVERIDGE, 1938

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Malcolm’s pitviper
G: Kinabalu-Bambusotter 
SynonymTrimeresurus sumatranus malcolmi LOVERIDGE 1938: 45
Trimeresurus sumatranus — SMITH 1931: 11, 29 (part.)
Trimeresurus sumatranus — EBENHARD & SJÖGREN 1984: 24 (part.)
Trimeresurus sumatranus — STUEBING 1991: 357 (part.)
Trimeresurus sumatranus malcolmi — MANTHEY 1983: 30
Trimeresurus sumatranus malcolmi — MALKMUS 1985: 9
Trimeresurus sumatranus malcolmi— MALKMUS 1987: 290
Trimeresurus sumatranus malcolmi— MALKMUS 1994: 242
Trimeresurus sumatranus malcolmi — WELCH 1994: 117
Trimeresurus malcomi (sic) — STUEBING & INGER 1998: 327 (in error)
Trimeresurus malcolmi — STUEBING & INGER 1999: 227
Trimeresurus sumatranus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 345
Trimeresurus malcolmi — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Parias malcolmi — MALHOTRA & THORPE 2004
Parias malcolmi — DAS & YAAKOB 2007
Trimeresurus (Parias) malcolmi — DAVID et al. 2011
Parias malcolmi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 538
Parias malcolmi — GUO et al. 2018
Trimeresurus (Parias) malcolmi — MIRZA et al. 2023 
DistributionIndonesia (Borneo), Malaysia (Sabah)

Type locality: Sungii River, near Kiau, Mt. Kinabalu ca. 3300 feet (Bundu Tuhan, fide Stuebing & Inger 1998).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 43604 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous! Not listed by WELCH 1994.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Malcolm A. Smith (1875-1958), British physician and herpetologist. See Tennison et al. 1959 for a biography and bibliography. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • Das, I. & Yaakob, N. 2007. Status of knowledge of the Malaysian herpetofauna. In Status of biological diversity in Malaysia & threat assessment of plant species in Malaysia. in: L. S. L. Chua, L. G. Kirton & L. G. Saw (eds.), Status of biological diversity in Malaysia & threat assessment of plant species in Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, pp. 31-81
  • DAVID, PATRICK; GERNOT VOGEL & ALAIN DUBOIS 2011. On the need to follow rigorously the Rules of the Code for the subsequent designation of a nucleospecies (type species) for a nominal genus which lacked one: the case of the nominal genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804 (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2992: 1–51 - get paper here
  • David,P. & Vogel, G. 1996. The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. Bücher Kreth, Frankfurt/M.
  • Dehling, J.M. 2009. Parias malcolmi (LOVERIDGE 1938) Kinabalu-Bambusotter. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (77): 47-50 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Guo, Peng; Qin Liu, Guanghui Zhong, Fei Zhu, Fang Yan, Ting Tang, Rong Xiao, Min Fang, Ping Wang and Xin Fu 2015. Cryptic diversity of green pitvipers in Yunnan, South-west China (Squamata, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 36 (3): 265 - 276 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1938. New snakes of the genera Calamaria, Bungarus and Trimeresurus from Mt. Kinabalu, North Borneo. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 43-46. - get paper here
  • Malhotra, Anita & Thorpe, Roger S. 2004. A phylogeny of four mitochondrial gene regions suggests a revised taxonomy for Asian pitvipers (Trimeresurus and Ovophis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 83 –100 [erratum p. 680] - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R.; Manthey, U.; Vogel, G. Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Ganther Verlag, Rugell, 404 pp.
  • Manthey,U. 1983. Exkursion am Mt. Kinabalu (4101 m), Nordborneo, Teil 3: Checkliste der Herpetofauna oberhalb 600 m ü. NN. Herpetofauna 5 (23): 20-31 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Stuebing, R. & R.F. INGER 1998. Additional records on two rare snakes from Borneo, with the confirmation of Trimeresurus malcolmi LOVERIDGE as a distinct species. Raffles Bull. Zool., Singapore 46 (2): 325-328 - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B. & INGER, R.F. 1999. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo. Natural history Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 254 pp. [corrections in HR 31: 124]. - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B., Inger, R.F. & Lardner, B. 2014. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo, second edition. Natural history Publications (Borneo)
  • Tenison, W. P. C., A. d'A Bellairs and R. H. Ahrenfeldt. 1959. Obituary: Dr. Malcolm Arthur Smith F.L.S., F.Z.S.; Malcolm Smith's contribution to herpetology; and Bibliography of the works of Malcolm Arthur Smith. British Journal of Herpetology 2 (8): 136-142
  • Vogel G, David P, Sidik I. 2014. On Trimeresurus sumatranus (Raffles, 1822), with the designation of a neotype and the description of a new species of pitviper from Sumatra (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2) [General Issue]: 1–29 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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