Typhlophis squamosus (SCHLEGEL, 1839)

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Higher Taxa	Anomalepididae, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Trinidad Blind Snake Portuguese: Cobra-Cega, Fura-Terra, Minhoca
Synonym	Typhlops squamosus SCHLEGEL 1839: 36 Typhlophis squamosus — FITZINGER 1843: 24 Cephalolepis leucocephalus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 315 Typhlophis squamosus — BOULENGER 1893: 57 Typhlophis squamosus — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980 Typhlophis squamosus — STARACE 1998: 68 Typhlophis ayarzaguenai SEÑARIS 1998 Typhlophis squamosus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 53 Typhlophis squamosus — GOWER et al. 2012: 42 Typhlophis squamosus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 756 Typhlophis squamosus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Distribution	Trinidad, Guyana (?), French Guiana, Suriname (?), Brazil (Grao Para) Type locality: Cayenne ayarzaguenai: Venezuela (Bolivar, Los Pijiguaos); Type locality: Serranía de los Pijiguaos, Area Bauxiven, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: RMNH, according to Gray (1845:136); however, Hahn (1980:5) stated the holotype was MNHN and is now lost. The specimen in RMNH has a hand-written note saying that it may be Typhlops septemstriatus or its type).
Diagnosis	Diagnosis (genus): “Head covered with uniform small scales; nostril between two very small nasals rostral very small, not extending to the upper surface of the snout.” (Boulenger 1893: 57) Additional details (911 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	KOK & RIVAS (2008) synonymized Typhlophis ayarzaguenai with Typhlophis squamosus. Type species: Typhlops squamosus SCHLEGEL 1839 is the type species of the genus Typhlophis FITZINGER 1843.
Etymology	Named after Latin squamosus, scaly. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) The genus was named after Greek typhlos (τυφλός), blind + Greek ophis (ὄφις), a serpent, snake.
References	Avila-Pires, Teresa C.S.; Kleiton R. Alves-Silva, Laís Barbosa, Fabrício S. Correa, Jorge F. A. Cosenza, Ana Paula V. Costa-Rodrigues, Aurea A. Cronemberger, Marinus S. Hoogmoed, Geraldo R. Lima-Filho, Adriano O. Maciel, Alexandre F. R. Missassi, Lyw 2018. Changes in Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Over Time in Parque Estadual do Utinga, a Protected Area Surrounded by Urbanization. Herpetology Notes 11: 499-512 - get paper here Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1844. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.6. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 609 pp. - get paper here Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium, fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp. - get paper here Gasc & Rodrigues 1980. Liste preliminaire des Serpents de la Guyane francaise. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (4): 559-598 Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here Gower, D.; Garrett, K. & Stafford, P. 2012. Snakes. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY,<br>144 p.. Kok, Philippe and Gilson Rivas Fuenmayor. 2008. Typhlophis ayarzaguenai Señaris, 1998 is a junior synonym of Typhlophis squamosus (Schlegel, 1839). Amphibia-Reptilia 29 (4):555-558 - get paper here McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp. Mendes-Pinto, T. J. & S. Marques de Souza 2011. Preliminary assessment of amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional do Trairão, with a new snake record for the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Salamandra 47 (4): 199-206 - get paper here MENDES-PINTO, TELÊMACO JASON; Mestrando, BERNHARD, RAFAEL, VOGT, RICHARD; PEDRETT, RONNEZZA CÉLLIA LOBATO CAMPOS;GARCIA, RAUBER SANTOS 2011. A COLLECTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF THE AMAZON. Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 3(2): 238 - get paper here Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Rieppel, O.; Kley, N.J.; Maisano, J.A. 2009. Morphology of the Skull of the White-Nosed Blindsnake, Liotyphlops albirostris (Scolecophidia: Anomalepididae). Journal of Morphology 270: 536-557 - get paper here RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here Schlegel, H. 1839. Abbildungen neuer oder unvollständig bekannter Amphibien, nach der Natur oder dem Leben entworfen und mit einem erläuternden Texte begleitet. Arne and Co., Düsseldorf, xiv + 141 pp. - get paper here Señaris, J. Celsa 1998. A new species of Typhlophis (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) from Bolívar State, Venezuela. Amphibia-Reptilia 19 (3): 303-310 - get paper here Starace, Fausto 1998. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. IBIS Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, Guyane, 450 pp. Starace, Fausto 2013. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. Ibis Rouge Editions, Matoury, Guyane, ISBN 978-2-84450-407-4 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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