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Bothrops insularis (AMARAL, 1922)

IUCN Red List - Bothrops insularis - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Golden Lancehead
G: Insel-Lanzenotter
Portuguese: Jararaca-Ilhoa 
SynonymLachesis insularis AMARAL 1922: 18
Bothrops insularis — AMARAL 1929: 114
Bothrops insularis — PETERS et al. 1970: 46
Bothrops insularis — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 1989: 202
Bothrops insularis — WELCH 1994: 33
Bothrops insularis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 261
Bothropoides insularis — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops insularis — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothropoides insularis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 113
Bothrops insularis — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Queimada Grande Island, Sao Paulo)

Type locality: Isla Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil.  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: IBSP (= IB) 1.996 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1363 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: see map in Barbo et al. 2022: 149 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality, the island of Isla Queimada Grande. 
References
  • Abrahão, Carlos Roberto; Ligia Grazzielli Amorim, Adriana Melo Magalhães, Carlos Renato Azevedo, José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho, Ricardo Augusto Dias 2021. Extinction Risk Evaluation and Population Size Estimation of Bothrops insularis (Serpentes: Viperidae), a Critically Endangered Insular Pitviper Species of Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 19(1), 32-39 - get paper here
  • Alencar, Laura RV; Martins, Marcio; and Greene, Harry W (January 2018. Evolutionary History of Vipers. eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0027455 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1921. Contribuição para conhecimento dos ofídios do Brasil - A. Parte II. Biologia da nova espécie, Lachesis insularis. Anex. Mem. Inst. Butantan 1: 39-44 + plates - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1922. Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos ofidios do Brazil. Parte i Quatro noves espécies de serpentes brasileires. Anex. Mem. Inst. Butantan 1 (1): 1-37 + plates [1921, but published 1922 fide Costa & Bernils 2015] - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Contribucao ao conhecimento dos ophidios do Brasil IV. Lista Remissiva dos ophidios do Brasil. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 69-125 - get paper here
  • Banci, K. R. S., Siqueira, L. H. C., & Marques, O. A. V. 2024. Growth patterns of the Golden Lancehead and their determinants: Conservation strategies for critically endangered species. ResearchSquare - get paper here
  • BARBO, FAUSTO E.; JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI, ANTONIO P. ALMEIDA, HUSSAM ZAHER, FELIPE G. GRAZZIOTIN, RODRIGO B. GUSMÃO, JOSÉ MÁRIO G. FERRARINI & RICARDO J. SAWAYA 2016. Another new and threatened species of lancehead genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Ilha dos Franceses, Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4097 (4): 511–529 [erratum in Zootaxa 4105 (5): 500] - get paper here
  • Barbo, Fausto E.; Felipe G. Grazziotin, Gentil A. Pereira-Filho, Marco A. Freitas, Stephenson H.F. Abrantes, and Marcelo N. de C. Kokubum. 2022. Isolated by dry lands: integrative analyses unveil the existence of a new species and a previously unknown evolutionary lineage of Brazilian Lanceheads (Serpentes: Viperidae: Bothrops) from a Caatinga moist-forest enclave. Canadian Journal of Zoology 100 (2): 147-159 - get paper here
  • Barbo, Fausto E.; William W. Booker, Marcelo R. Duarte, Betina Chaluppe, José A. Portes-Junior, Francisco L. Franco and Felipe G. Grazziotin 2022. Speciation Process on Brazilian Continental Islands, with the Description of A New Insular Lancehead of the Genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 20 (1): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Bovo, Rafael P.; Otavio A. V. Marques, and Denis V. Andrade 2012. When Basking Is Not an Option: Thermoregulation of a Viperid Snake Endemic to a Small Island in the South Atlantic of Brazil. Copeia 2012 (3): 408-418. - get paper here
  • Bressan, Paulo Magalhães; Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Angélica Midori Sugieda (eds.) 2009. FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, 2009. - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • Cicchi, P.J.P., M.A. Sena, D.M. Peccinini-Seale, and M.R. Duarte. 2007. Snakes from coastal islands of State of São Paulo,Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 17: 227–240 - get paper here
  • Diaz-Ricaurte, J., Serrano, F., Camacho, A., Nogueira, C., Travaglia-Cardoso, S. and Martins, M. 2024. On the Brink of Change? Environmental Drivers of Voluntary Thermal Maximum in South American Pitvipers. J Biogeogr 52: 66-79 - get paper here
  • Duarte, M. R. Puorto, G., Franco, F. L. 1995. A biological survey of the pit viper Bothrops insularis Amaral (Serpentes, Viperidae): An endemic and threatened offshore island snake of southeastern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 30 (1):1-13 - get paper here
  • FENWICK, ALLYSON M.; RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR, JENNAFER A. EVANS, CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3): 617-640 - get paper here
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gotch, A. F. 1986. Reptiles - Their Latin Names Explained. Blandford Press, 176 pp.
  • Gower, D.; Garrett, K. & Stafford, P. 2012. Snakes. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY,<br />144 p..
  • Kasperoviczus, Karina N.; Henrique B. Braz, Ligia G. S. Amorim, and Selma M. Almeida-Santos 2023. Reproductive Strategies of the Golden Lancehead, Bothrops insularis, from Queimada Grande Island: Constraints and Challenges. In: Lillywhite & Martins, eds., Islands and snakes, vol. II. Oxford University Press, p. 55 ff - get paper here
  • MARQUES, O. A. V. et al. 2009. Repteis. In: Bressan et al., FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, pp. 285-327 - get paper here
  • Marques, O.A.V.; Martins, M & Sazima, I. 2002. A new insular species of pitviper from Brazil, with comments on evolutionary biology and conservation of the Bothrops jararaca group (Serpentes, Viperidae). Herpetologica 58 (3): 303-312 - get paper here
  • Marques, Otavio A. V.; Karina Kasperoviczus, and Selma M. Almeida-Santos 2013. Reproductive Ecology of the Threatened Pitviper Bothrops insularis from Queimada Grande Island, Southeast Brazil. Journal of Herpetology Sep 2013, Vol. 47, No. 3: 393-399. - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mertens, R. 1966. Über die Inselotter, Bothrops insularis. Salamandra 2 (3): 72-74 - get paper here
  • Monzel, Markus & Wolfgang Wüster 2008. Neotropische Grubenottern – Evolution, Biogeographie und Ökologie. Draco 8 (33): 4-27 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
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  • Salomão, M.G., W. Wüster, R.S. Thorpe & BBBSP 1999. MtDNA phylogeny of Neotropical pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 127-134
  • Santos-Amorim, Ligia Grazziely dos; Carlos Renato de Azevedo, Weverton dos Santos Azevedo, Selma Maria de Almeida-Santos 2019. First record of mating of Bothrops insularis (Serpentes: Viperidae) in nature, with comments on sexual behavior. Herpetology Notes 12: 225-227 - get paper here
  • Sawaya, Ricardo J.; Fausto E. Barbo, Felipe G. Grazziotin, Otavio A. V. Marques, and Marcio Martins 2023. Lanceheads in Land-Bridge Islands of Brazil: Repeated and Parallel Evolution of Dwarf Pitvipers. In: Lillywhite & Martins, eds., Islands and snakes, vol. II. Oxford University Press, p. 67 ff - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
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