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Bothrops jonathani HARVEY, 1994

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Jonathan's Lancehead 
SynonymBothrops jonathani HARVEY 1994
Bothrops jonathani — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 263
Rhinocerophis jonathani — FENWICK et al. 2009
Rhinocerophis jonathani — CARRASCO et al. 2009
Bothrops jonathani — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Rhinocerophis jonathani — WALLACH et al. 2014: 649 
DistributionBolivia (Cochabamba), Argentina

Type locality: “on Highway 4 approximately 35 km N (by road) of El Empalme, Provincia Carrasco, Departamento de Cochabamba, approximately 2800 m [elevation] (17° 45'S, 65°00'W) ... Bolivia."  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MNK R (MNK R) 1000 (Museo Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Bothrops jonathani is distinguished from all congeners and from species of Bothrocophias and Bothriopsis by the following combination of characters: (1) lacunolabial absent; (2) dorsal keels nontuberculate; (3) labials with distinctive pattern: white with tan or black edges; (4) canthorostrals absent; (5) all subcaudals divided; (6) ventrals 154–172 and subcaudals 37–42; (7) loreal subtriangular; (8) canthals narrow and separated by 4–6 scales; (9) internasals in contact; (10) postocular stripe 4.5 temporals high, brown edged in black; (11) dorsum pale brown with dark brown Xor V-shaped marks; venter heavily pigmented with charcoal blotches; (12) counts for dorsals (27–33), supralabials (9–12), infralabials (13–16), and interoculabials (4) unusually high for Bothrops (Harvey 2005: 18). 
CommentVenomous! 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is a patronym for Jonathan A. Campbell in recognition of his considerable contributions to the biology of neotropical pitvipers. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • Carrasco, P.A.; Harvey, M.B. & Muñoz Saravia, A. 2009. The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography. Zootaxa 2283: 1–15 - get paper here
  • FENWICK, ALLYSON M.; RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR, JENNAFER A. EVANS, CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3): 617-640 - get paper here
  • Harvey, M. B. 1994. A new species of montane pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Bothrops) from Cochabamba, Bolivia. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 107 (1): 60-66. - get paper here
  • Harvey, M.B.; et al. 2005. Revision of the venomous snakes of Bolivia. II. The pitvipers (Serpentes: Viperidae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 74 (1): 1-38. - get paper here
  • Jansen, Martin 2008. Die Lanzenottern der Gattung Bothrops in Bolivien. Draco 8 (33): 50-56 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • OLIVEIRA-DALLAND, LUIS G.; LAURA R.V. ALENCAR, LEANDRO R. TAMBOSI, PAOLA A. CARRASCO, RHETT M. RAUTSAW, JESUS SIGALA-RODRIGUEZ, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI & MARCIO MARTINS. 2022. Conservation gaps for Neotropical vipers: Mismatches between protected areas, species richness and evolutionary distinctiveness. Biological Conservation 275(109750). - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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