Rhinemys rufipes (SPIX, 1824)

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Higher Taxa	Chelidae, Chelinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: William’s Toadhead Turtle, Red-footed Amazon Side-necked Turtle Portuguese: Cágado-Vermelho
Synonym	Emys rufipes SPIX 1824 Emys stenops SPIX 1824 (?) Platemys Rufipes — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 435 Phrynops rufipes — GRAY 1844 Hydraspis rufipes — BOULENGER 1889 Rhinemys rufipes — BAUR 1893 Phrynops rufipes — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 57 Rhinemys rufipes — MCCORD et al. 2001 Rhinemys rufipes — MCCORD & JOSEPH-OUNI 2002 Rhinemys rufipes — SOUZA 2004 Rhinemys rufipes — BOUR & ZAHER 2005 Rhinemys (Phrynops) rufipes — BONIN et al 2006 Rhinemys rufipes — TTWG 2021
Distribution	NW Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), SE Colombia Type locality: "Rio Solimoens" (=Rio Solimoes), South America.
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: ZSM 3006/0
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1945 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	For a color illustration and distribution map see MCCORD & JOSEPH-OUNI 2002. Type Species: Emys rufipes SPIX 1824 is the type species of the genus Rhinemys WAGLER 1830. For a diagnosis of the genus see MCCORD et al. 2001. Habitat: freshwater (rivers)
Etymology	Named after Latin “rufus” = red and “pes” = foot. The genus was named after Greek rhis (ῥίς), nose + Greek emys (ἐμῠ́ς), freshwater tortoise. [“...Ῥίς nasus, et ἐμῠ́ς testudo...”].
References	Baur, G. 1893. Notes on the classification and taxonomy of the Testudinata. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 31: 210-225 - get paper here Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp. Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here Bour, R. & Zaher, H. 2005. A NEW SPECIES OF MESOCLEMMYS, FROM THE OPEN FORMATIONS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL (CHELONII, CHELIDAE). Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 45 (24): 295-311 - get paper here Caputo, Francesco P. and Richard C. Vogt. 2008. Stomach Flushing Vs. Fecal Analysis: The Example of Phrynops rufipes (Testudines: Chelidae). Copeia 2008 (2): 301-305 - get paper here Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here Hoogmoed,M.S. and Gruber,U. 1983. Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands). Spixiana Suppl. 9: 319-415 - get paper here Lamar, W. W. & F. Medem 1982. Notes on the chelid turtle Phrynops rufipes in Colombia (Reptilia: Testudines: Chelidae). Salamandra 18 (3-4): 305-321 - get paper here McCord, W. P., Joseph-Ouni, M.i & W. W. Lamar 2001. A taxonomic reevaluation of Phrynops (Testudines: Chelidae) with the description of two new genera and a new species of Batrachemys. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49 (2): 715-764 - get paper here McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2002. Chelonian illustrations #1: South American Toadhead Turtles. Reptilia (GB) (21): 34-38 - get paper here MENDES-PINTO, TELÊMACO JASON; Mestrando, BERNHARD, RAFAEL, VOGT, RICHARD; PEDRETT, RONNEZZA CÉLLIA LOBATO CAMPOS;GARCIA, RAUBER SANTOS 2011. A COLLECTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF THE AMAZON. Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 3(2): 238 - get paper here Mertens, R. 1967. Bemerkenswerte Süßwasserschildkröten aus Brasilien. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48 (1): 71-82 Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here Souza, Franco L. 2004. Uma revisão sobre padrões de atividade, reprodução e alimentação de cágados brasileiros (Testudines, Chelidae) [A review on activity patterns, reproduction, and feeding habits in Brazilian chelid turtles (Testudines, Chelidae)]. Phyllomedusa 3 (1): 15-28 - get paper here Spix, J.B. von. 1824. Animalia nova; sive, Species novae Testudinum et Ranarum, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis 1817-20 collegit et descripsit. F.S. Hübschmann, München. iv + 53 pp. - get paper here TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here Viana, P.F.; Feldberg, E.; Cioffi, M.B.; de Carvalho, V.T.; Menezes, S.; Vogt, R.C.; Liehr, T.; Ezaz, T. 2020. The Amazonian Red Side-Necked Turtle Rhinemys rufipes (Spix, 1824) (Testudines, Chelidae) Has a GSD Sex-Determining Mechanism with an Ancient XY Sex Microchromosome System. Cells 9, 2088 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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