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Sistrurus miliarius LINNAEUS, 1766

IUCN Red List - Sistrurus miliarius - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesSistrurus miliarius barbouri GLOYD 1935
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius (LINNAEUS 1766)
Sistrurus miliarius streckeri GLOYD 1935 
Common NamesE: Pygmy Rattlesnake
barbouri: Dusky Pigmy Rattlesnake
miliarius: Carolina Pigmy Rattlesnake
streckeri: Western Pigmy Rattlesnake
G: Zwergklapperschlange 
SynonymSistrurus miliarius (LINNAEUS 1766: 372)
Crotalus miliarius LINNAEUS in GMELIN 1788: 1080
Crotalophorus miliarius — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 11
Crotalus miliarius — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1477
Candisona [sic] miliaria — COUES & YARROW 1878: 26
Sistrurus miliarius — COPE 1900: 1141
Sistrurus miliarius — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 326
Sistrurus miliarius — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 557
Sistrurus miliaris [sic] — BÖHME 2005
Sistrurus miliarius — HOSER 2009
Sistrurus miliarius — CROTHER et al. 2012
Sistrurus miliarius — WALLACH et al. 2014: 680
Sisturus miliarius — GODLEY et al. 2020 (in error)
Sistrurus milliarus — HANSCOM et al. 2023 (in error)

Sistrurus miliarius miliarius (LINNAEUS 1766)
Crotalus miliarius LINNAEUS 1766
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius — GLOYD 1935
Sistrurus miliarius — GARMAN 1884: 177
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 232
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius — WELCH 1994: 109
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius — CROTHER 2000
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 499
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius — CROTHER et al. 2012
Sistrurus miliarius miliarius — GUYER et al. 2018

Sistrurus miliarius barbouri GLOYD 1935
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 232
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — WELCH 1994: 109
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — CROTHER 2000
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 501
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — CROTHER et al. 2012
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — GOMARD 2014
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — LILLYWHITE 2014: 105
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri — GUYER et al. 2018

Sistrurus miliarius streckeri GLOYD 1935
Sistrurus miliarius streckeri — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 233
Sistrurus miliarius streckeri — WELCH 1994: 109
Sistrurus miliarius streckeri — CROTHER 2000
Sistrurus miliarius streckeri — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000: 503
Sistrurus miliarius streckeri — CROTHER et al. 2012
Sistrurus miliarius streckeri — GUYER et al. 2018 
DistributionUSA (E Texas, E Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, S Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, W Tennessee)

miliarius: USA (North Carolina to Georgia and Alabama); Type locality: "Carolina." Schmidt, 1953: 226, proposed a restriction to "Charleston, South Carolina."

barbouri: USA (South Carolina to Florida and SE Mississippi, Alabama)

streckeri: USA (Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabamai, Oklahoma, to SW Tennessee and E Texas); Type locality: Arkansas, Lawrence, nr. Imboden.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesTypes: lost, originally received by Linnaeus from Alexander Garden, deposition unknown (see Klauber 1948: 4-6]). Presumed lost, according by Palmer, 1978: 220.1.
Holotype: UMMZ 76751, Paratype: (n=1) UMMZ 76752; adult male, same locality. Collected by: B. C. Marshall; Collection Date: 1932 [streckeri]
Holotype: MCZ R12512; Paratypes: (n=3) MCZ 12509-11, from the same locality. Collected by: Dr. Thomas Barbour; Collection Date: 1919 [barbouri] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (11223 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Colour image of barbouri in SCHWEIGER 1995.

Genome: The Sistrurus miliarius genome has been sequenced by Vicoso et al. (2013).

Distribution: Map: see Kubatko et al. 2011: 395

Type species: Crotalus miliarius LINNAEUS 1766: 372 is the type species of the genus Sistrurus GARMAN 1884.

Phylogenetics: Blair & Sánchez-Ramírez 2016 published a detailed molecular analysis of rattlesnakes. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin miliarius = millet or millet-like, possibly a reference to the blotched pattern or color. Could be also a reference to Latin miliarius, meaning “thousands”, or miliarium = milestone.

S. m. barbouri was named for Dr. Thomas Barbour in consideration of his many contributions to the herpetology of Florida (and for collecting the types).

S. m. streckeri was named after John Kern Strecker, Jr. (1875-1933), American naturalist.

The genus was named after Greek seistron (σεῖστρον), rattle + Greek oura (οὐρᾷ), tail. ["...The name proposed for the species grouped under Crotalophorus of Gray, Holbrook, and others, but not of Linne or Gronow, is Sistrurus (σεῖστρον, a rattle)...”]. 
References
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