You are here » home › advanced search › Epicrates cenchria

Epicrates cenchria (LINNAEUS, 1758)

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Epicrates cenchria?

Add your own observation of
Epicrates cenchria »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaBoidae (Boinae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Rainbow Boa
G: Rote Regenbogenboa
Portuguese: Cobra-Arco-Íris, Cobra-de-Veado, Jiboí, Jiboia-Arco-Íris, Jiboia-Vermelha, Salamanta, Serpente-Furta-Cor, Serpente-de-Veado, Suaçu, Surucucu-de-Fogo, Uaçubói 
SynonymBoa Cenchria LINNAEUS 1758: 215
Coluber tamachia SCOPOLI 1788: 28
Boa cenchris GMELIN 1788: 1083
Boa aboma DAUDIN 1803: 132 (nom. subst. pro Boa cenchria LINNAEUS)
Boa ternatea DAUDIN 1803: 153
Boa annulifer DAUDIN 1803: 202
Epicrates cenchria — WAGLER 1830: 168
Epicrates cenchris — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 555
Epicrates cenchris — JAN 1864
Epicrates cenchria — GARMAN 1887: 278
Epicrates cenchris — BOULENGER 1893: 93
Epicrates cenchria gaigei STULL 1938
Epicrates cenchris cenchris — BEEBE 1946: 19
Epicrates cenchria hygrophilus AMARAL 1954
Epicrates cenchria cenchria — DUELLMAN 1978: 226
Epicrates cenchia — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980 (in error)
Epicrates cenchria gaigei — KLUGE 1984: 55
Epicrates cenchris — STARACE 1998: 102
Epicrates cenchria — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 194
Epicrates cenchria — SAVAGE 2002
Epicrates cenchria gaigeae — MICHELS & BAUER 2004
Epicrates cenchria gaigei — DUBOIS 2007
Epicrates cenchria gaigei — WHITHWORTH & BEIRNE 2011
Epicrates cenchria cenchria — HENNIG 2012
Epicrates cenchria — WALLACH et al. 2014: 272
Epicrates cenchria gaigei — SWITAK 2014
Epicrates cenchria — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018:
Epicrates cenchria — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 20
Epicrates cenchria — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionFrench Guiana, Suriname, Guyana,
Colombia, Venezuela (Mérida [HR 27: 212]), Peru, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Acre, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo etc.), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz) [HR 29: 249], Argentina (Córdoba, San Luis, La Rioja, Corrientes, Formosa, Chaco, Salta)

Type locality: “Surinami”

gaigei: Ecuador; Type locality: Bolivia, Santa Cruz.  
Reproductionovovivparous; there is evidence for parthenogenesis in this species (BOOTH et al. 2015). 
TypesHolotype: NRM (also as NRS) Lin. 6, adult
Holotype: UMMZ 77236 [gaigei]
Holotype: IBSP 8445 [hygrophilus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Distinguished from all continental species of Epicrates by having: (1) noncollapsed lateral ocelli, (2) dorsal ground color pale to yellow reddish, (3) SVL . 1500 mm, (4) lateral process of surangular much expanded latero-posteriorly. Additionally, E. cenchria differ from E. crassus, E. maurus, and E. assisi by having alary process of vomer laterally expanded; from E. crassus and E. maurus, by having ventral scales . 245; from E. crassus by having subcaudal scales generally . 45; from E. alvarezi by having inverted hemipenis bifurcates at fifth and extends to the level of tenth subcaudal. Refer to Tables 6–7 for additional diagnostic features of the continental Epicrates. 
CommentSynonymy mostly after PASSOS & FERNANDES 2008.

Taxonomy: Epicrates cenchria maurus (GRAY 1849) and E. c. crassus, E. c. assisi have been elevated to full species status.

Epicrates cenchria turned out to be more closely related to anacondas (Eunectes) than Caribbean Epicrates (striatus) according to molecular data from Noonan & Chippindale (2006).

Distribution: Not in Costa Rica fide SAVAGE & BOLANOS (2009), nor in Panama. The species in Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, and Tobago is actually E. maurus. Not in Paraguay after species has been split; only Epicrates alvarezi in Paraguay (Cacciali et al. 2016). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Habitat: in rainforest, at least in Suriname. Semi-arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Type species: Boa Cenchria LINNAEUS 1758: 215 is the type species of the genus Epicrates WAGLER 1830. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin cenchris, Latin n. cenchris, a kind of snake. Cited by Lucano (1469), who characterizes it as having the belly tinged with "more points than the Theban ophites" and always moving in a straight line. Cenchris may come, in turn, from Latin cenchros or cenchrites, an unidentified type of gemstone mentioned by Pliny (XXXVII; 11). Isidoro [1911 (1472)] believes that Cenchris is a snake that can not be twisted and always walk straight. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024)

The genus was named after Greek epicrates (ἐπίκρατες), prevail in battle, be victorious; master of a thing. 
References
  • Akeret, B. 2008. Gefahrenpotenzial Riesenschlangen. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (72): 4-12 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A.do 1954. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios neotropicos. XXXVII. Sub-especies de Epicrates cenchria (Lineu, 1758). Mem. Inst. Butantan 26: 227-247. - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1954. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios neotropicos: XXXVII. Sub-espécies de Epicrates cenchria (Linneu, 1758). Mem. Inst. Butantan 26: 227-246 + 1 map - get paper here
  • Andrade-Junior, Albedi; França, Matheus Soares; Sudré, Vinícius; Passos, Paulo 2020. Are there threatened snakes at the end of the rainbow? Notes on the distribution and morphology of Epicrates cenchria, Rainbow Boa, in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Cuad. herp. 34 (2): - get paper here
  • ARAUJO, C.O. & ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. 2011. Herpetofauna de um remanescente de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11(3): 47-62 - get paper here
  • Aresté, M.; Farriols, J. L. 1999. Epicrates cenchria Rainbow boa (Linnaeus, 1758). Reptilia (GB) (6): 39-42 - get paper here
  • Avila-Pires, Teresa C.S.; Kleiton R. Alves-Silva, Laís Barbosa, Fabrício S. Correa, Jorge F. A. Cosenza, Ana Paula V. Costa-Rodrigues, Aurea A. Cronemberger, Marinus S. Hoogmoed, Geraldo R. Lima-Filho, Adriano O. Maciel, Alexandre F. R. Missassi, Lyw 2018. Changes in Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Over Time in Parque Estadual do Utinga, a Protected Area Surrounded by Urbanization. Herpetology Notes 11: 499-512 - get paper here
  • Beebe, William 1946. Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo, British Guiana, and Caripito, Venezuela. Zoologica 31: 11-52 - get paper here
  • Bellosa, H. 2005. Haltung und Nachzucht der Roten Regenbogenboa (Epicrates cenchria cenchria). Reptilia (Münster) 10 (54): 56-60 - get paper here
  • Bellosa, H. & Bisplinghof, H. 2012. Regenbogenboas - Das Kompendium. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 224 pp.
  • BENTO, H.J.; A. FERREIRA, G.A. IGLESIAS, F.F. CURCIO, H.A.S. LIMA, T.G. ARAÚJO, A.H. KUCZMARSKI & R.C.R. PAZ. 2022. Testicle histology of the Epicrates cenchria: a morphological and reproductive biology analysis. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 74(5): 853–861. - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. 2012. Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 12 (3): 1-29 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, Renato S.;Antônio de Pádua Almeida João Luiz Gasparini Ana Carolina Srbek-AraujoCarlos Frederico D. Rocha Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2014. RÉPTEIS NA RESERVA NATURAL VALE, LINHARES, ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL. Ciência & Ambiente 49: 93-210 - get paper here
  • Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy & Aquiles Gutiérrez Zamora 2010. ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS DE LA HERPETOFAUNA DEL CENTRO EXPERIMENTAL AMAZÓNICO, PUTUMAYO, COLOMBIA ECOTRÓPICOS 23 (2): 61-78 - get paper here
  • Booth, Warren; Gordon W. Schuett 2015. The emerging phylogenetic pattern of parthenogenesis in snakes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 118 (2): 172–186, DOI: 10.1111/bij.12744
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Bulian, J. 1994. Erfahrungen bei der Haltung und Zucht von Epicrates cenchria maurus. Herpetofauna 16 (92): 31-34 - get paper here
  • Campos, Felipe Siqueira and Alexandre Ramos Bastos Lage. 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles from the Nova Roma Ecological Station, in the Cerrado of the State of Goiás, central Brazil. Herpetology Notes 6: 431-438. - get paper here
  • Carvalho, Fernado, Ceron, Karoline, Bolla, Daniela A. S., Santos, Raphael, Miranda, Joao M. D. and Zocche, Jairo Jose 2017. Epicrates cenchria (Rainbow Boa) Predation. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 212 - get paper here
  • Casado-B., Roberto;Marca, Enrique La 1996. Geographic Distribution. Epicrates cenchria maurus. Herpetological Review 27 (4): 212 - get paper here
  • Castro, T.M. & Teixeira, R.L. 2007. Straßenverkehr als Bedrohung für die Amphibien und Reptilien des Atlantischen Regenwalds in Südost-Brasilien. Eine Fallstudie. Sauria 29 (2): 35-42 - get paper here
  • CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotropica 13 (4): 269-283
  • Chuliver, M., Scanferla, A. & Smith, K.T. 2022. Live birth in a 47-million-year-old snake. Sci Nat 109, 56 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620 - get paper here
  • Cozer, J. S., Pereira-Ribeiro, J., Linause, T. M., Ferreguetti, A. C., de Godoy Bergallo, H., & da Rocha, C. F. D. 2020. Reptile diversity in the Duas Bocas Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos De Zoologia, 60: e20206040 - get paper here
  • Di Cola, V., G. Cardozo, M. Lanfri, C.M. Scavuzzo & M. Chiaraviglio 2008. Modelling the distribution of the Boid snakes, Epicrates cenchria alvarezi and Boa constrictor occidentalis in the Gran Chaco (South America) Amphibia-Reptilia, 29(3): 299-310. - get paper here
  • Dirksen, L. 2006. Mit Sonar und Guillotine auf Anakondajagd. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (58): 44-50 - get paper here
  • Donato, C. R., Trindade Dantas, M. A. & Da Rocha, P. A. 2012. Epicrates cenchria (rainbow boa) diet and foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 43: 343-344 - get paper here
  • Dubeux, M. J. M., Araújo Neto, J. V. D., Triburcio, I. C. S., Lisboa, B. S., Torquato, S., Freitas, M. A. D., ... & Mott, T. 2022. A “hotspot” within a hotspot: the reptiles of the Estação Ecológica and Área de Proteção Ambiental de Murici, Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 22: 1-14 - get paper here
  • Dubois, A. 2007. Genitives of species and subspecies nomina derived from personal names should not be emended. Zootaxa 1550: 49–68 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65: 1-352 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 2005. Cusco Amazónico: The Lives of Amphibians and Reptiles in an Amazonian Rainforest. Comstock Pub Assoc.
  • Duellman, W.E., & Salas, A.W. 1991. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru. Occas. Papers Mus. of Natur. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence (143): 13 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1844. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.6. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 609 pp. - get paper here
  • Eisenberg, Tobias 2014. Auf der Suche nach Amphibien und Reptilien am Amazonas. Terraria-Elaphe 2014 (1): 36-45 (2013) - get paper here
  • Eversole, C. B., Powell, R. L., Rivas, L. R., & Lizarro, D. E. 2024. Reptile Biodiversity and Vulnerability in Bolivia’s Beni Department: Informing Conservation Priorities in a Neglected Frontier. Diversity, 16(6), 335 - get paper here
  • Ferreto Fiorillo, Bruno 2019. Predation on eggs of the Gray Tinamou (Tinamus tao, Tinamiformes: Tinamidae) by the rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria, Serpentes: Boidae). Herpetology Notes 12: 79-81 - get paper here
  • Fraga, R., Lima, A. P., Prudente, A. L. C., & Magnusson, W. E. 2013. Guia de cobras da região de Manaus – Amazônia Central. Manaus: INPA - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Mesquita, Daniel Oliveira and Guarino Rinaldi Colli 2006. A CHECKLIST OF SNAKES FROM AMAZONIAN SAVANNAS IN BRAZIL, HOUSED IN THE COLEÇÃO HERPETOLÓGICA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA, WITH NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. Occ. Pap. Oklahoma Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Oklahoma 17: 1-13
  • Frazzetta, T.H. 1959. STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF THE SKULL IN THE BOIDAE (SERPENTES). Part. 1. Cranial Differences Between Python sebae and Epicrates cenchris. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 119: 451-477 - get paper here
  • Freiberg, M.A. 1982. Snakes of South America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 189 pp. - get paper here
  • Freitas, M. A. de, Venancio, N. M., Abegg, A. D., Azevedo, W. S, Pereira, V. O., Zanotti, A. P., Veloso, A., Schwarzbach, L., Oliveira, A. G., da Silva, R. C. C., de Amorim, V. R. G. and de Moura, G. J. B. 2020. Herpetofauna at the Rio Acre Ecological Station, Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 13: 33-48. - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de 2014. Squamate reptiles of the Atlantic Forest of northern Bahia, Brazil. Check List 10 (5): 1020-1030 - get paper here
  • Fugler, Charles M. and A. Brad Walls. 1978. Snakes of the Upano Valley of Amazonian Ecuador. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 53 (3): 81-87 - get paper here
  • Gabirot, Marianne; Pablo Picerno, Jorge Valencia, Pilar Lopez, and José Martin 2012. Species Recognition by Chemical Cues in Neotropical Snakes. Copeia 2012 (3): 472-477. - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 278-286. - get paper here
  • Gasc & Rodrigues 1980. Liste preliminaire des Serpents de la Guyane francaise. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (4): 559-598
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva 2012. The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hennig, A.S. 2012. Die Reptilienauffangstation München. Ophidia 6 (2): 30-33 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1864. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 8. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1864. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 7. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Kacoliris F.P.; Berkunsky I. & Williams J. 2006. Herpetofauna of Impenetrable, Argentinean Great Chaco. Phyllomedusa 5 (2): 149-158 - get paper here
  • Kluge, A. G. 1989. A concern for evidence and a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among Epicrates (Boidae, Serpentes). Systematic Zoology 38 (1): 7-25 - get paper here
  • Kluge, Arnold G. 1988. Parsimony in vicariance biogeography: a quantitative method and a greater antillean example. Systematic Zoology 37 (4): 315-328 - get paper here
  • Kniesch, V. 2005. Die Argentinische Regenbogenboa (Epicrates cenchria alvarezi). Reptilia (Münster) 10 (54): 62-64 - get paper here
  • Koore, J. van der 1985. Breeding results: Epicrates cenchria maurus. Litteratura Serpentium 5 (2): 76-77 - get paper here
  • La Marca, Enrique; Soriano, Pascual J. 1995. Epicrates cenchria cenchria. Herpetological Review 26 (2): 109 - get paper here
  • La Marca, Enrique; Soriano, Pascual J.; Casado B., Roberto 1995. Drymarchon corais melanurus. Herpetological Review 26 (2): 109 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Lamers, H. 1985. Breeding results: Epicrates cenchria maurus. Litteratura Serpentium 5 (3): 118 - get paper here
  • Lancini,A.R. & Kornacker,P.M. 1989. Die Schlangen von Venezuela. Armitano Editores C.A., Caracas, 1-381
  • Langeveld, C.M. (Koert) 1996. The Brazilian rainbow boa, a beautiful terrarium dweller (Epicrates cenchria cenchria Linnaeus, 1758). Litteratura Serpentium 16 (6): 152-158 - get paper here
  • Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here
  • Leite, G. A. and T. F. Dorado-Rodrigues 2017. Epicrates cenchria (Salamanta; Rainbow Boa) Diet. Herpetological Review 48 (2): 449-450 - get paper here
  • Lemke, T.O. 1978. PREDATION UPON BATS BY EPICRATES CENCHRIS CENCHRIS IN COLOMBIA. Herpetological Review 9 (2): 47 - get paper here
  • Leynaud, Gerardo C. and Enrique H. Bucher 1999. La fauna de serpientes del Chaco Sudamericano: diversidad, distribución geografica y estado de conservación. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Miscelanea (98):1-46
  • Lillywhite, Harvey B. 2014. How Snakes Work: Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes. Oxford University Press, New York, 256 pp
  • Lima Moraes, L. J. C. de, do Nascimento Rainha, R., de Pinho Werneck, F., de Souza Oliveira, A. F., Gascon, C., & de Carvalho, V. T. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles from a protected area in western Brazilian Amazonia (Reserva Extrativista do Baixo Juruá). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 62, e202262054-e202262054 - get paper here
  • Linnaeus, C. [= Linné, C. von] 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp. - get paper here
  • Machado, O. 1944. Observações sôbre ofídios do Brasil. Bol. Inst. Vital Brazil (27): 61-64 - get paper here
  • Markezich, A.L. 2002. New distribution records of reptiles from Western Venezuela. Herpetological Review 33 (1): 69-74 - get paper here
  • Martins, Renato Augusto; Felipe Vélez-García, Caio Vinícius Mira-Mendes, Yvonnick Le Pendu 2018. A case of predation of Hylaeamys laticeps (Lund 1840) by Epicrates cenchria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Boidae) in the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 11: 513-514 - get paper here
  • Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Medina-Rangel, Guido Fabián 2013. CAMBIO EstACIOnAl En El UsO DE lOs RECURsOs DE lA COMUnIDAD DE REptIlEs En El COMplEJO CEnAgOsO DE ZApAtOsA, DEpARtAMEntO DEl CEsAR (Colombia). Caldasia 35 (1): 103-122 - get paper here
  • Mendes-Pinto, T. J. & S. Marques de Souza 2011. Preliminary assessment of amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional do Trairão, with a new snake record for the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Salamandra 47 (4): 199-206 - get paper here
  • MENDES-PINTO, TELÊMACO JASON; Mestrando, BERNHARD, RAFAEL, VOGT, RICHARD; PEDRETT, RONNEZZA CÉLLIA LOBATO CAMPOS;GARCIA, RAUBER SANTOS 2011. A COLLECTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF THE AMAZON. Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 3(2): 238 - get paper here
  • Metcalf, M. F., Guedouar, E., Davis, L., Rodriguez, A., Marsh, A., Pacaya, E. T., ... & Gunnels IV, C. W. 2023. Herpetofauna of Madre Selva Biological Station in Loreto, Peru. Herpetology Notes, 16, 727-740
  • Metcalf, Matthew; Alexander Marsh, Emerson Torres, Devon Graham, Charles Gunnels 2020. Herpetofauna of the Santa Cruz Forest Preserve in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. Herpetology Notes 13: 753-767 - get paper here
  • Michels, J.P. & A.M. Bauer 2004. Some corrections to the scientific names of amphibians and reptiles. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 52: 83–94 [2005] [Note: Dubois 2007 rejected most of the changes made in this paper] - get paper here
  • Miranda, Daniele Bazzo; Nathocley Mendes Venâncio, Saymon de Albuquerque 2014. Rapid survey of the herpetofauna in an area of forest management in eastern Acre, Brazil. Check List 10 (4): 893-899 - get paper here
  • Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here
  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here
  • Nascimento-Pereira, Edivania do; Joana Evelyn Alcantara Nascimento, Ednilza Maranhão dos Santos 2014. HERPETOFAUNA EM ÁREA DE CAATINGA, SANTA CRUZ DO CAPIBARIBE, PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL. Revista Nordestina de Zoologia, Recife 8(1): p. 15 -32
  • Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Noonan, Brice P. and Paul T. Chippindale 2006. Dispersal and vicariance: The complex evolutionary history of boid snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 450 (2): 347-358 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Ollonen, J., Khannoon, E. R., Macrì, S., Vergilov, V., Kuurne, J., Saarikivi, J., ... & Di-Poï, N. 2024. Dynamic evolutionary interplay between ontogenetic skull patterning and whole-head integration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1-16 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Passos, Paulo and Ronaldo Fernandes 2008. Revision of the Epicrates cenchria Complex (Serpentes: Boidae). Herpetological Monographs 22 (1): 1-30 - get paper here
  • Pedroza-Banda, Raúl; Jhon Jairo Ospina-Sarria, Teddy Angarita-Sierra, Marvin Anganoy-Criollo, John D. Lynch 2014. Estado de la fauna de anfibios y reptiles del Casanare Ciencias naturales Estado del conocimiento de la fauna de anfibios y reptiles del departamento de Casanare, Colombia. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 38 (146): 17-34 - get paper here
  • PELEGRIN, N. & LEYNAUD, G. C. & BUCHER, E. H. 2006. Reptile fauna of the Chancaní Reserve (Arid Chaco, Argentina): species list and conservation status [Short Note]. Herpetozoa 19 (1/2): 85-86 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Pinto-Coelho, D., Hamdan, B., & Lira-da-Silva, R. M. 2020. GEOGRAPHIC AND ALTITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION OF SNAKES OF THE FAMILY BOIDAE IN THE STATE OF BAHIA, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL. Revista Nordestina de Zoologia, 12(2), 26-50 - get paper here
  • Pols, J.J. van der 1987. Unexpected breeding of Epicrates cenchria cenchria. Litteratura Serpentium 7 (4): 168-174 - get paper here
  • Rabosky, Daniel L.; Rudolf von May, Michael C. Grundler and Alison R. Davis Rabosky 2019. The Western Amazonian Richness Gradient for Squamate Reptiles: Are There Really Fewer Snakes and Lizards in Southwestern Amazonian Lowlands? Diversity 11: 199; doi:10.3390/d11100199 - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here
  • Rincon-Aranguri, Monica; Nicolás Urbina-Cardona, Sandra P. Galeano, Brian C. Bock, and Vivian P. Páez 2019. Road Kill of Snakes on a Highway in an Orinoco Ecosystem: Landscape Factors and Species Traits Related to Their Mortality. Tropical Conservation Science 12: 1–18; DOI: 10.1177/1940082919830832 - get paper here
  • Rincón-Aranguri, M., Toro-Cardona, F. A., Galeano, S. P., Roa-Fuentes, L.. & Urbina-Cardona, N. 2023. Functional diversity of snakes is explained by the landscape composition at multiple areas of influence. Ecology and Evolution, 13, e10352 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Rivera, P.C., Cola, V.D., Martı ́nez, J.J., Gardenal, C.N. and Chiaraviglio, M. 2011. Species Delimitation in the Continental Forms of the Genus Epicrates (Serpentes, Boidae) Integrating Phylogenetics and Environmental Niche Models. PLoS One 6 (9): e22199. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022199 - get paper here
  • Roberts, M. E 1984. Snakes. T.F.H. Publications, 80 pp.
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Rodrigues-França, Frederico Gustavo & Nathocley Mendes-Venâncio 2010. Reptiles and amphibians of a poorly known region in southwest Amazonia Biotemas, 23 (3): 71-84 - get paper here
  • Rojas-Padilla O, Menezes VQ, Dias IR, Argôlo AJS, Solé M, Orrico VGD 2020. Amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras: an important center of endemism within the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil. ZooKeys 1002: 159-185 - get paper here
  • Santos-Costa, Maria Cristina dos; Gleomar Fabiano Maschio, Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente 2015. Natural history of snakes from Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 8: 69-98 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Schulz, Michaela & Marco Schulz 2010. Paarungsauslöser bei Riesenschlangen. Draco 11 (44): 18-22 - get paper here
  • Silva, F.M.; A.C. Menks; A.L.C. Prudente; J.C.L. Costa; A.E.M. Travassos; U. Galatti. 2011. Squamate Reptiles from municipality of Barcarena and surroundings, state of Pará, north of Brazil. Check List 7 (3): 220-226 - get paper here
  • SOLIS, JOSÉ MARIO; DAVID BOWMAN & DAN WARD 2015. Epicrates cenchria (Rainbow Boa): Feeding Observation. Herpetological Bulletin (132) - get paper here
  • Starace, Fausto 1998. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. IBIS Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, Guyane, 450 pp.
  • Starace, Fausto 2013. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. Ibis Rouge Editions, Matoury, Guyane, ISBN 978-2-84450-407-4 - get paper here
  • Stemmler, Othmar 1971. Gefangenschaftsnachzucht von Epicrates cenchria maurus x Epicrates cenchria cenchria (Reptilia, Boidae). Auqarien und Terrarien (12): 415-420
  • Switak, K.-H. 2014. Den mächtigen Amazonas entlang. Im herpetologischen Paradies. Reptilia (Münster) 19 (108): 76-85
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W.; RM Oliveira, AFN Gonzaga, KC Pinto, FC Poli, TM Bilce, M Penhacek, L Wronski, JX Martins, TG Junqueira, LCC, Cesca VY, Guimarães RD. Pinheiro 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of amphibians and reptiles from Volta Grande do Xingu, northern Brazil Braz. J. Biol., 75 (3) (suppl.): S205-S218 - get paper here
  • Viana PF, Ribeiro LB, Souza GM, Chalkidis HdM, Gross MC, Feldberg E 2016. Is the Karyotype of Neotropical Boid Snakes Really Conserved? Cytotaxonomy, Chromosomal Rearrangements and Karyotype Organization in the Boidae Family. PLoS One 11 (8): e0160274.doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0160274 - get paper here
  • Vitt, L. J.; Caldwell, J. P.; Colli, G. R.; Garda, A. A.; Mesquita, D. O.; França, F. G. R. e Balbino, S. F. 2002. Um guia fotográfico dos répteis e anfíbios da região do Jalapão no Cerrado brasileiro. Norman, Oklahoma: Special Publications in Herpetology. San Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Waller, Tomas;Buongermini-P., Emilio 1998. Geographic distribution. Epicrates cenchria alvarezi. Herpetological Review 29 (4): 249 - get paper here
  • Whithworth, A. & Beirne, C. 2011. Reptiles of the Yachana Reserve. Global Vision International, 130 pp. - get paper here
  • Wolf, J. 1985. Successful breeding of Epicrates cenchria (Linnaeus, 1758). Litteratura Serpentium 5 (2): 58-63 - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator