Ablepharus kitaibelii BIBRON & BORY ST-VINCENT, 1833

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Higher Taxa	Scincidae, Eugongylinae (Eugongylini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies	Ablepharus kitaibelii kitaibelii (BIBRON & BORY 1833) Ablepharus kitaibelii fabichi STEPANEK 1937 Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri MERTENS 1952 Ablepharus kitaibelii stepaneki FUHN 1970
Common Names	E: Juniper Skink, Snake-eyed skink G: Johanniseidechse Croatian: ivanjski rovaš
Synonym	Ablepharis Kitaibelii BIBRON & BORY ST-VINCENT 1833: 69 Ablepharus Kitaibelii — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 809 Ablepharus Kitaibelii — GRAVENHORST 1851: 358 Ablepharus kitaibeli — WERNER 1935: 107 Ablepharus pannonicus kitaibelii — STEPÁNEK 1944: 141 Ablepharus kitaibelii — GREER 1974: 9 Ablepharus kitaibeli — ENGELMANN et al 1993 Ablepharus kitaibelii — SCHMIDTLER 1997 Ablepharus kitaibelii — SKOURTANIOTI et al. 2016 Ablepharus kitaibelii kitaibelii — BOZKURT et al. 2020 Ablepharus kitaibelii stepaneki FUHN 1970 Ablepharus kitaibelii stepaneki — SCHLÜTER 2005 Ablepharus kitaibelii stepaneki — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008 Ablepharus kitaibelii stepaneki — BOZKURT et al. 2020 Ablepharus kitaibelii fabichi STEPANEK 1937 Ablepharus pannonicus fabichii STEPANEK 1937 Ablepharus pannonicus fabichii — STEPÁNEK 1944: 143 Ablepharus kitaibelii fabichi — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008 Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri MERTENS 1952 Ablepharus pannonicus FITZINGER 1824 (part.) Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri MERTENS 1952: 49 (nom. nov.) Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008 Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri — TOTH et al. 2020
Distribution	Greece (Aegean islands: Paros, Antiparos, Despotiko, Strongylo, Tourlos, Preza, Glaropunta, Panteronisi, Cyprus, Rhodos, Peloponnes, Syphnos, Corfu, Lesbos, Samos, Samothraki, Milos: Kimolos, Tinos, Astypalea), Romania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslavia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Hungary, Albania, Czechoslovakia, European Soviet Union (Caucasus) Turkey [Fuhn 1970, Okan 1996], Syria, Iraq ?, Egypt (Sinai), Jordan fabichi: Mikronisi, Karpathos, Kasos, and Armathia islands)(the latter in some texts erroneously referred to as “Amathia ”); Type locality: “Insel Mikronisi von der Inselgruppe Hag. Nikolaos an der Ostküste Kretas”. kitaibelii: Greece and Aegean islands, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Transjordania, Irak, and Sinai; Type locality: vicinity of Pilos, Peoloponnese, Greece (fide Gemel 2020); restricted to “Ruinen von Pylos, Messenien” by MERTENS & MÜLLER 1928. fitzingeri: Slovakia, N Serbia, Hungary, Greece (Corfu = Corfou) stepaneki: Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Albania
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: MNHN-RA 5392 Holotype: NMP P6V-005303 (also given as MNHP 5375/36; Nat. Mus. Prag), paratype: NMW [fabichi] Syntypes: ZMB 1346 (2 specimens); Bucharei [= Bukhoro, Uzbekistan]; coll. Eduard Eversmann. 1821, cited as lost by Fuhn 1970 [fitzingeri] Holotype: MGAB (given as MIN G. Antipa Bukarest Nr. 150), Paratypes: ISBB (also as IBTS, Bukarest) [stepaneki]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: “Körnchenreihe um das Auge unvollständig; darüber nur zwei Supraocularia. Tympanalöffnung klein (0,2-0,3 mm im Mittel). 2. Supraciliare kurz und breit (B/L im Mittel 50-60 %). Interparietale im Mittel so breit wie lang. Rumpfschuppen 20 (seltener 18 oder 19). Halsseiten weißlich / dunkel gestreift. Rückenmitte oftmals mit bis zu sechs Reihen dunkler, meist unterbrochener Längsstriche (manchmal weißlich gesäumt). Ventralia oft fein dunkel gerandet. Bauch des Männchens weißlich.” (Schmidtler 1997: 38).
Comment	Distribution: based on previous entry before splitting off A. kitaibeli chernovi as separate species. Not listed by SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996. Not in Israel (and probably nearby countries) where it is replaced by A. rueppellii. Not in Lebanon fide D. Jablonski, pers. comm. (10 July 2020). For a map in Turkey see Bozkurt et al. 2020. Subspecies after ENGELMANN et al. 1993. SCHMIDTLER 1997 does not discuss any subspecies of this species. Mentioned as synonym of A. pannonicus by Mertens (1931: 67) and others. Nomenclature. Ablepharus pannonicus FITZINGER 1824 is a homonym of A. pannonicus Lichtenstein 1823, hence a new name, A. kitaibelii fitzingeri MERTENS 1952 (nom. nov.) was necessary. See als Gemel & Vergilov 2020 for details. A. kitaibelii appears paraphyletic with respect to A.budaki and A. chernovi (Poulakakis et al. 2005, Karamiani et al. 2021). The European subspecies of A. kitaibelii intergrade from north to south (A. k. fitzingeri to A. k. stepaneki to A. k. kitaibelii; Ljubisavljevic et al. 2002). SCHMIDTLER (1997) restricted the species A. kitaibelii to populations from the Balkan Peninsula, and western and central Anatolia, but not reaching the southern coast of Turkey. A. k. fabichi does not seem to be clearly separated genetically from A. k. kitaibelii (Poulakakis et al. 2005). Ablepharus kitaibelii budaki GÖCMEN, KUMLUTAP & TOPUNODLU 1996 has been raised to full species status by SCHMIDTLER (1997). Types: Fuhn (1969b) also listed BMNH 1946.8.18.47 as a syntype and Darevsky in Fuhn (1969b) indicatcd that a holotype (lost) was prcesent in the collection of the Zoological Institute in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).
Etymology	Named after Pal Kitaibel (1757-1817), Hungarian botanist. Hungary has celebrated him, and the skink, on a postage stamp.
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Herpetofaunal survey of Israel (1950-1985), with comments on Sinai and Jordan and on zoogeographical heterogeneity. in: Yom-Tov,Y. & Tchernov, E. (eds.) The zoogeography of Israel, Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht (Netherlands); ISBN 90-6193-650-0 Werning, H. 2021. Social Distancing in Griechenland. Elaphe 2021 (2): 12-24 Wütschert, R. 1984. Neues uber die Reptilienfauna der Insel Korfu. Salamandra 20 (4): 221-228 - get paper here YILDIRIM, E., KUMLUTAŞ, Y., CANDAN, K. & ILGAZ, Ç. 2017. Comparative skeletal osteology of three species of Scincid lizards (Genus: Ablepharus) from Turkey. Vertebrate Zoology 67 (2): - get paper here Zauner, Jochen 2023. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf dem Peloponnes (Griechenland). Sauria 45 (4): 1-17 Zimić A., Pećar D., Jelić D. 2018. The Snake-eyed skink, Ablepharus kitaibelii Bibron & Bory, 1833 (Reptilia, Squamata: Scincidae) viable population re-discovered in Bosnia and Herzegovina - with morphological, ecological and conservation notes. 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External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.hylawerkgroep.be/jeroen/index.php?id=39 http://www.paros.de/HTMS/Fauna/Reptilien/eidechs.htm http://www.herpetofauna.at/gallery/korfu/pages/ablepharus_kitaibelii.htm http://www.snakes.co.il/isralizard/isralizard.html http://www.seh-herpetology.org/images/atlas/pdf/squamata/ablkit.pdf http://www.seh-herpetology.org/sites/seh-herpetology.org/files/uploads… http://herpatlas.gr/herp-finder/ablepharus-kitaibelii/ http://www.podarcis.nl/downloads/2001/1/eng/OmanPart32001En.pdf http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E56D78F-1DEF-42B3-AEBD… http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/27/science/an-amphibians-best-friend.html?… Google images

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