Acanthochelys spixii (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1835)

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Higher Taxa	Chelidae, Chelinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Black Spine-necked Swamp Turtle G: Stachelhals-Plattschildkröte Portuguese: Cágado, Cágado-D'água-Doce, Cágado-de-Canaleta, Cágado-de-Pescoço-Espinhudo, Cágado-do-Cerrado, Cágado-Feio, Cágado-Preto, Tartaruga-Bunda.
Synonym	Emys depressa SPIX 1824 (non Emys depressa MERREM 1820) Emys depressa — WIED 1824 Platemys Spixii DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 409 (nom. nov. pro Emys depressa SPIX) Hydraspis spixii GRAY 1844 Hydraspis spixii — GRAY 1855: 69 Platemys Spixii — BOULENGER 1886: 424 Platemys radiolata spixii — PRITCHARD 1979 Platemys spixii — ERNST 1983 Acanthochelys spixii — IVERSON 1986 Platemys spixii — LEHMANN 1988 Platemys spixii — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989 Acanthochelys spixii — CEI 1993 Acanthochelys spixii — TTWG 2014 Acanthochelys spixii — TTWG 2021
Distribution	Brazil (Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Distrito Federal, Paraná), Uruguay (Rocha, Tacuarembo), Argentina (Formosa, Chaco, Corrientes [HR 31: 110]) Type locality: Prov. Rio de Janeiro und Rio San Francisco, Brasilien
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Lectotype: ZSM 3003/3 (shell), see HOOGMOED & GRUBER 1983: 344 for a discussion and lectotype designation)
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2225 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Type species: Platemys Spixii DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835 is the type species of the genus Acanthochelys GRAY 1873: 305.
Etymology	Named after Johann Baptist von Spix (1781-1826), German zoologist. See Heinzeller (2006) and the Spixiana Supplement 1983 for detailed biographical data. The genus was named after Greek akanthos (άκανθης), thorn + Greek chelys (χέλυς), tortoise. [“...back of neck covered with conical spines...”].
References	Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp. Boulenger, G.A. 1886. A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 18: 423-445 - get paper here Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here Brandao R. A., Zerbini G.J., Sebben A. and Molina F. de B. 2002. Notes on distribution and Habitats of Acanthochelys spixii and Phrynops vanderhaegei (Testudines, Chelidae) in central Brazil. Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp., 13(1-2): 11-15. - get paper here Carreira, S.; Brazeiro, A.; Camargo, A.; da Rosa, I.; Canavero, A. & Maneyro, M. 2012. DIVERSITY OF REPTILES OF URUGUAY: KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION GAPS. Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2a época) 21 (1-2): 9-29 - get paper here Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here Ernst, C H 1983. Platemys spixii Dumeril and Bibron. Black spiny-necked turtle. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 326: 1-2 - get paper here Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London Freiberg, M.A. 1945. Una nueva especie de Tortuga del genero Platemys Wagler. Physis. Buenos Aires 20: 19-23 Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here Gray, J. E. 1873. Observations on chelonians, with descriptions of new genera and species. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 11: 289-308 - get paper here Gray, J.E. 1844. Catalogue of Tortoises, Crocodilians, and Amphisbaenians in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 80 p. - get paper here Gray,J.E. 1855. Description of a new genus and some new species of tortoises. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 15: 67-69 - get paper here Heinzeller, T. 2006. Zum 225. Geburtstag des Begründers der ZSM: Spix und der Aufbruch der Zoologie in die Moderne. Spixiana 29 (3): 193-197 - get paper here Hoge, A. R. & S. A. R. W. L. Romano-Hoge 1983. Notas sobre micro e ultra-estructura de “Oberhäutchen” em Viperoidea. Mem. Inst. Butantan 44/45: 81-118 [1980/81] - get paper here Hoogmoed,M.S. and Gruber,U. 1983. Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands). Spixiana Suppl. 9: 319-415 - get paper here Huebinger, Ryan M.; John W. Bickham, Anders G. J. Rhodin, and Russell A. Mittermeier 2013. Mitochondrial DNA Corroborates Taxonomy of the South American Chelid Turtles of the Genera Platemys and Acanthochelys. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jul 2013, Vol. 12, No. 1: 168-171. - get paper here Lehmann, H. 1988. Beobachtungen bei einer ersten Nachzucht von Platemys spixii (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1835) (Testudines: Chelidae). Salamandra 24 (1): 1-6 - get paper here Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Renato Silveira Bérnils, Julio Cesar de Moura-Leite 2017. RÉPTEIS DE CURITIBA: COLETÂNEA DE REGISTROS Hori Consultoria, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, 99 pp. RIBAS, E. R. ; MONTEIRO FILHO, Emygdio Leite de Araujo 2002. Distribution and Habitat of the Freshwater Turtles (Testudines, Chelidae) from State of Paraná – Brasil. Biociências (Porto Alegre) 10 (2): 15-32 Souza, Franco L. 2004. Uma revisão sobre padrões de atividade, reprodução e alimentação de cágados brasileiros (Testudines, Chelidae) [A review on activity patterns, reproduction, and feeding habits in Brazilian chelid turtles (Testudines, Chelidae)]. Phyllomedusa 3 (1): 15-28 - get paper here Souza, Franco; João Rodrigues, Miguel Olalla-Tárraga, José Diniz-Filho, Pablo Martinez and Ricardo J. Sawaya 2019. Niche divergence and diversification in South American freshwater turtles of the genus Acanthochelys (Chelidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 40 (4): 475–485 - get paper here Spix, J.B. von. 1824. Animalia nova; sive, Species novae Testudinum et Ranarum, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis 1817-20 collegit et descripsit. F.S. Hübschmann, München. iv + 53 pp. - get paper here TOZETTI, A. M., MOSER, C. F., & COLOMBO, P. 2023. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF TAIM, A BRAZILIAN RAMSAR SITE: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND A POSSIBLE CASE OF LOCAL EXTINCTION. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 18(1), 38-47 - get paper here TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here Valverde, J. 2009. Südamerikanische Schildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (80): 16-27 - get paper here Wied-Neuwied, M. 1824. Verzeichniss der Amphibien, welche im zweyten Bande der Naturgeschichte Brasiliens vom Prinz Max von Neuwied werden beschrieben werden. Isis von Oken 14: 661—673 [columns] - get paper here Winkler, J.D. 2006. Testing phylogenetic implications of eggshell characters in side-necked turtles (Testudines: Pleurodira). Zoology 109: 127-136 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.chelonia.org/acanthochelys_gallery.htm http://home.earthlink.net/~rednine/gallery1.htm http://www.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/cgi-bin/stuttgart/projekte/herpetologie… Google images

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