Acutotyphlops banaorum WALLACH, BROWN, DIESMOS & GEE, 2007

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Higher Taxa	Typhlopidae (Asiatyphlopinae), Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Balbalan Blind Snake
Synonym	Acutotyphlops banaorum WALLACH, BROWN, DIESMOS & GEE 2007 Acutotyphlops banaorum — HEDGES et al. 2014 Acutotyphlops banaorum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 8
Distribution	N Philippines (Luzon: Kalinga Province) Type locality: irrigation ditch in a muddy area of water pools near Barangay Balbalasang, Municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga Province, Luzon Island, The Philippines (17°29’N, 121°03’E), 900 m elevation.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: PNM 9280 (formerly FMNH 259604; field number GVAG 219), a juvenile male collected by G. V. A. Gee on 28 March 2001.
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: Acutotyphlops banaorum can be distinguished from all Typhlopidae except Papua/Solomon Acutotyphlops by any of the following characters: (1) V-shaped lower jaw; (2) short, narrow rostral; (3) an enlarged frontorostral shield; (4) occipital condyle formed solely from the basioccipital; and (5) acuminate contact of four braincase bones (parietal and basisphenoid, frontal and prootic) forming an X-shaped pattern. From the Papua/ Solomon Acutotyphlops it can be separated by the presence of (1) a single ocular and preocular shield (vs. fragmentation into 6–10 shields), (2) three infralabials (vs. 5–7 shields), (3) fourth supralabial as tall as long (vs. at least twice as long as tall), (4) uniformly light dorsum and venter with irregular dark dorsal spots (vs. dark dorsum and light venter separated by a sharp demarcation), and absence of (5) retrocloacal sacs, and (6) a solid, awned hemipenis with helical coils in tail when retracted.
Comment
Etymology	named in recognition of the Banao tribespeoples of the Central Cordillera.
References	Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Gojo-Cruz, Paul Henric P. and Leticia E. Afuang 2018. The Zoogeographic Significance of Caraballo Mountain Range, Luzon Island, Philippines With Focus on the Biogeography of Luzon’s Herpetofauna. Philippine Journal of Science 147 (3): 393-409 - get paper here Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1–61 - get paper here Leviton, Alan E.; Cameron D. Siler, Jeffrey L. Weinell, and Rafe M. Brown 2018. Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 64 (14): 399-568 - get paper here Wallach, V.; Brown, R.M.; Diesmos, A.C. & Gee, G.V.A. 2007. An Enigmatic New Species of Blind Snake from Luzon Island, Northern Philippines, with A Synopsis of The Genus Acutotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Journal of Herpetology 41 (4): 690-702 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Weinell, Jeffrey L.; Errol Hooper, Alan E. Leviton, Rafe M. Brown 2019. Illustrated Key to the Snakes of the Philippines. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 66 (1): 1-49 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/419142430310361 Google images

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