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Ameivula mumbuca (COLLI, CALDWELL, COSTA, GAINSBURY, GARDA, MESQUITA, FILHO, SOARES, SILVA, VALDUJO, VIEIRA, VITT, WERNECK, WIEDERHECKER & ZATZ, 2003)

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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Calango, Calanguinho, Iguaninha 
SynonymCnemidophorus mumbuca COLLI et al. 2003
Ameivula mumbuca — HARVEY et al. 2012
Ameivula mumbuca — SANTOS et al. 2023 
DistributionBrazil (Tocantins, Piaui)

Type locality: adjacent to Escola Municipal Dona Isabel Barreira de Oliveira (10° 15' 46.02" S, 46° 33' 55.69" W), ca. 35 km NW of Mateiros, Município de Mateiros, Tocantins state, Brazil, elevation about 428 m.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UNB 28466 (also as CHUNB for the Coleção Herpetológica) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A species distinguished from all other members of the lemniscatus group by the following combination of characters: (1) small size, maximum SVL 59 mm for males and 57 mm for females, mean SVL 49.47 ± 7.43, n = 223; (2) 14–20 femoral pores; (3) 19–27 scales around tail; (4) 194–271 dorsals; (5) vertebral field light; (6) dorsolateral stripes incomplete; (7) upper lateral stripes continuous; (8) anal spurs absent; (9) ventral caudals smooth; (10) dorsal caudals keeled; and (11) fixed clutch size of one egg. Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. littoralis in having 24–29 ventral rows (30–38 in C. littoralis), 14–20 femoral pores (28–36), 19–27 scales around tail (25–34), and 194–271 dorsals (168–191). Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. ocellifer in having 14–20 femoral pores (16–28 in C. ocellifer), dorsolateral stripes incomplete, not reaching supraciliary region (continuous in most individuals), smaller body size (maximum SVL 118 mm, Vitt, 1983), and a fixed clutch size of one egg (1 to 5 eggs, Vitt, 1983). Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. abaetensis in having 14–20 femoral pores (21–30 in C. abaetensis, Dias et al., 2002), 24–29 transverse rows of ventrals (29–35), dorsal aspect of tail brownish green (bright blue green to emerald green), smaller body size (maximum SVL 72 mm), and in lacking a dorsal tail stripe (bright green dorsal tail stripe). Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. nativo in having 14–20 femoral pores (22–26 in C. nativo, Rocha et al., 1997), 24–29 ventral rows (29–32), brownish green dorsum (black with a faint midorsal stripe), and smaller body size (maximum 69 mm). Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. parecis in having 0–2 pairs of chinshields not in contact with infralabials (1–3 in C. parecis), 24–29 ventral rows (29–35), 6–8 ventrals in trans-verse row (8–10), 14–20 femoral pores (25–33), 4–7 prefemorals (5–12), 19–27 scales around tail (34–47), and dorsolateral stripes incomplete. Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. lemniscatus in having 9–13 infralabials (15–19 in C. lemniscatus, Colli et al., 2003), 14–20 femoral pores (44–54), 7–9 infratibial rows (9–12), and ventral caudals smooth (keeled). Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. gramivagus in having 14–20 femoral pores (40–51 in C. gramivagus, Colli et al., 2003), 9–13 infralabials (13–18), 24–29 transverse rows of ventrals (29–33), 7–9 infratibial rows (9–14), dorsolateral stripes incomplete (complete), and ventral caudals smooth (keeled). Cnemidophorus mumbuca differs from C. cryptus in having 9–13 infralabials (13-17 in C. cryptus, Colli et al., 2003), 14–20 femoral pores (38–48), dorsolateral stripes incomplete (complete), and ventral caudals smooth (keeled) [from COLLI et al. 2003] 
CommentGroup: this species belongs to the ocellifer group, distinguished by the presence of granules in the supraorbital semicircles, a lower number of femoral pores (less than 40), and the absence of preanal spurs (Rocha et al., 2000, Colli et al., 2003). 
EtymologyNamed after a small community of African descendents who migrated from the state of Bahia to the Jalapão region in 1908. This matriarchal community comprises approximately 22 families that survive from the production of handicraft using a locally abundant grass, called “Capim-dourado” (goldengrass, Syngonanthus nitens). 
References
  • Arias, Federico Jose, Mauro Teixeira Junior, Renato Sousa Recoder, Celso Morato de Carvalho, Hussam Zaher and Miguel Trefault Rodrigues. 2014. Whiptail lizards in South America: A new Ameivula (Aquamata, Teiidae) from Planalto dos Gerais, Eastern Brazilian Cerrado. Amphibia-Reptilia 35 (2): 227-242 - get paper here
  • Arias, Federico; Celso Morato de Carvalho, Hussam Zaher, and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2014. A New Species of Ameivula (Squamata, Teiidae) from Southern Espinhaço Mountain Range, Brazil. Copeia 2014 (1): 95–105 - get paper here
  • Campos, Felipe Siqueira and Alexandre Ramos Bastos Lage. 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles from the Nova Roma Ecological Station, in the Cerrado of the State of Goiás, central Brazil. Herpetology Notes 6: 431-438. - get paper here
  • Colli, G.R. et al. 2003. A critically endangered new species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata, Teiidae) from a Cerrado enclave in southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetologica 59 (1): 76-88 - get paper here
  • Colli, Guarino R.; Janalee P. Caldwellgabriel C. Costa, Alison M. Gainsbury, Adrian A. Garda, Daniel O. Mesquita, Carlos M. M. R. Filho, Ana H. B. Soares, Verônica N. Silva, Paula H. Valdujo, Gustavo H. C. Vieira, Laurie J. Vitt, Fernanda P. Werneck 2003. A New Species of Cnemidophorus (Squamata, Teiidae) From the Cerrado Biome in Central Brazil. Occ. Pap. Oklahoma Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Oklahoma 14: 1-14 - get paper here
  • Colli, Guarino R.; Lilian G. Giugliano, Daniel O. Mesquita, and Frederico G. R. França 2009. A NEW SPECIES OF CNEMIDOPHORUS FROM THE JALAPÃO REGION, IN THE CENTRAL BRAZILIAN CERRADO. Herpetologica 65 (3): 311-327 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • HARVEY, MICHAEL B.; GABRIEL N. UGUETO & RONALD L. GUTBERLET, Jr. 2012. Review of Teiid Morphology with a Revised Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Teiidae (Lepidosauria: Squamata). Zootaxa 3459: 1–156 - get paper here
  • RECODER, R.S.,TEIXEIRA JUNIOR, M., CAMACHO, A., NUNES, P.M.S., MOTT, T., VALDUJO, P.H., GHELLERE, J.M., NOGUEIRA, C. & RODRIGUES, M.T. 2011. Reptiles of Serra Geral do Tocantins Ecological Station, Central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 11(1): - get paper here
  • Reis Dias, Eduardo, José dos, Carlos Frederico D. Rocha and Davor Vrcibradic 2002. New Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae) from Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Copeia 2002 (4) :928-937 - get paper here
  • Rocha, C. F. D; Bergallo, H. G.; Peccinini-Seale, D. 1997. Evidence of an unisexual population of the Brazilian whiptail lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae), with description of a new species. Herpetologica 53 (3): 374-382 - get paper here
  • Santos, S. S., dos Santos, T. F., de Araújo Gomes, I. S., Pereira, O. A., dos Santos, I. M. E. L., & Guzzi, A. 2023. Herpetofauna of Piuaí [sic] state, northeastern Brazil. CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES, 16(7), 6645-6669 - get paper here
 
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