Amerotyphlops martis GRABOSKI, ARREDONDO, GRAZZIOTIN, GUERRA-FUENTES, SILVA, PRUDENTE, PINTO, RODRIGUES, BONATTO & ZAHER, 2022
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Amerotyphlops martis
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| Higher Taxa | Typhlopidae (Typhlopinae), Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Amerotyphlops martis GRABOSKI, ARREDONDO, GRAZZIOTIN, GUERRA-FUENTES, SILVA, PRUDENTE, PINTO, RODRIGUES, BONATTO & ZAHER 2022: 17 |
| Distribution | Brazil (Espírito Santo) Type locality: Praia das Neves (21° 16′ 45.59′′ S, 40° 57′ 47.86′′ W), municipality of Presidente Kennedy, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. |
| Reproduction | |
| Types | Holotype: MNRJ 18744, adult male, collected by Ana C. C. Lourenço and Délio Baêta between 2 and 8 September 2009 (Fig. 12; Supporting Information, Fig. S5). Paratypes: Three male specimens, MNRJ 18743, MNRJ 18745 and MNRJ 18747, collected in the same locality of the holotype by Ana C. C. Lourenço and Délio Baêta between 2 and 8 September 2009 (Supporting Information, Fig. S6A–F). |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: “This species is distinguished from all other South American congeneric species by the unique combination of the following of characters: (1) nasal suture incomplete; (2) rostral scale oval; (3) supralabial scales four; (4) infralabial scales three; (5) rows scales around the body 20/20/18–20; (6) mid-dorsal scales 208– 217; (7) ventral scales 195–211; (8) rows of dorsal scales pale brown 12–13; (9) rows of ventral scales yellowish cream and immaculate four to five; (10) caudal spine pale brown; (11) subcaudal scales ten to 12; (12) maximum TTL 170 mm; (13) maximum TL 6.13 mm; (14) nasal process of premaxilla contacting the vertical laminae of the nasals in the anterodorsal and posteroventral portions, with the central portion not in contact, leaving a large round canal between the olfactory chambers; (15) large palatine fossa on the lateral side of the maxilla; (16) maxilla with a concave medial border; (17) ventral pterygoid process of palatine straight; (18) ratio between length of ventral pterygoid process of palatine and skull length 0.06; (19) angle between mandibular condyle articulation and the retroarticular process of the compound bone close to 90°; (20) Dorsal surface of dentary bone with two evident foramina; and (21) hemipenis single, with an additional structure in the apical cup, with a tissue projection in the form of a curved papilla. Amerotyphlops martis differs from A. costaricensis, A. lehneri, A. microstomus, A. stadelmani, A. tasymicris, A. tenuis, A. trinitatus and A. tycherus by having an incomplete nasal suture (vs. complete nasal suture); from A. arenensis, A. caetanoi, A. amoipira, A. minuisquamus, A. paucisquamus and A. yonenagae by having 20/20/18 or 20/20/20 rows scales around the body (vs. 18/16/14, 18/18/14, 20/18/14 or 20/18/15 in A. minuisquamus and 18/18/18 in A. arenensis, A. caetanoi, A. amoipira, A. paucisquamus and A. yonenagae); from A. reticulatus by having pigmented cephalic scales with a pale brown dorsum and tail (vs. a yellowish and few pigmented cephalic scales, dorsum brown or black and dorsum tail black with cream or yellow spot); from A. montanus by having a smaller total length (TTL), between 130 and 170 mm (vs. larger total length 216 mm); and from A. brongermianus by having a small midbody diameter (MBD), between 4.090 and 5.133 mm and a single hemipenis with an additional structure in the apical cup, a large papillae projected laterally from the tip that extends horizontally over the proximal portion of the apical cup (vs. robust midbody diameter, between 5.03 and 14.76 mm and a single hemipenis with an unornamented apical cup). Table 1 shows additional morphometric characters and scale patterns found in A. martis and morphologically similar species distributed in southern and north-eastern Brazil.” (Graboski et al. 2022) |
| Comment | Distribution: for a map see Graboski et al. 2022: 16 (Fig. 10). |
| Etymology | The specific epithet is derived from the Latin name ‘Mars’, in allusion to the Mars symbol, used to represent the male gender. The choice of the name is a reference to the distinct hemipenial morphology of this species that differs from all other species of Amerotyphlops. |
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