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Amnisiophis amoenus (JAN, 1863)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae, Echinantherini), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymE. [nicognathus] amoenus JAN 1863: 270
Enicognathus amoenus — JAN 1866
Aporophis amoenus — BOULENGER 1894
Lygophis amoenus — AMARAL 1929: 169
Lygophis amoenus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 185
Liophis amoenus Incertae sedis — DIXON 1980
Echinanthera amoenus — DI BERNARDO 1992
Echinanthera amoena — SCHARGEL et al. 2005
Echinanthera amoena — WALLACH et al. 2014: 253
Echinanthera amoena — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Amnisiophis amoenus — ABEGG et al. 2022 
DistributionSE Brazil (from S Minas Gerais to S Paraná; Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)

Type locality: "Patria?" [=Unknown].  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MSNM, a 590 mm specimen. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): “Amnisiophis amoenus can be distinguished by (1) usually eight supralabials, with 2nd–3rd touching the loreal and 3rd–5th touching the orbit; (2) 17/17/17 dorsal scale rows, usually with one or two apical pits; (3) a dorsal color that shifts from green on the back of the head and first third of the body to brown on the midbody and dark brown on the posterior part;(4)midventralportionwithtransversebandsatthebase of the ventral scales, especially observable in adults; (5) dorsal scales of the 3rd row with a light spot forming a continuous line from the anterior part of the body toward the tail; (6) hemipenis slightly bilobed, with an interspinal asulcate gap and absence of an enlarged proximal spine; (7) supratemporals usually contact parietal; (8) dorsolateral crests of the parietal conspicuous and abruptly tapered in the posterior region, close to the contact with supraoccipital; (9) parabasisfenoid lateral crests conspicuous; (10) large number of maxillary (27–33), palatine (20–21), pterygoid (31–33) and dentary teeth (34–36) (Figures 3D, 5G, 7B, 8A and Table 1).” (Abegg et al. 2022)


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Commentbelongs to the “Rhadinaea brevirostris group” sensu Myers (1974)

Type species: E. [nicognathus] amoenus JAN 1863: 270 is the type species of the genus Amnisiophis Abegg et al. 2022. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “amoenus” = pleasing or lovely.

The genus was named after the Latin word amnis (stream of water, river) and the Greek word oφις (ophis =snake) (Liddell and Scott, 1883; Brown, 1954). This name was chosen in reference to the habit of the monotypic species A. amoenus, whose individuals inhabit the margins of forest streams. The genus name is masculine. 
References
  • Abegg AD, Santos AP Jr, Costa HC, Battilana J, Graboski R, Vianna FSL, Azevedo WS, Fagundes NJR, Castille CM, Prado PC, Bonatto SL, Zaher H and Grazziotin FG 2022. Increasing taxon sampling suggests a complete taxonomic rearrangement in Echinantherini (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Front. Ecol. Evol. 10:969263 - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Cassimiro, José, Mauro Teixeira, Jr., Renato Sousa Recoder and Miguel Trefault Rodrigues. 2013. Geographic Distribution: Echinanthera amoena (Corredeira-do-mato). Herpetological Review 44 (4): 625 - get paper here
  • Di Bernardo,M. 1992. Revalidation of the gênero Rhadinaea Copegenus Echinanthera COPE 1894 and its conceptual amplification (Serpentes, Colubridae). Comun. Mus. Ciênc. PUCRS, sér. zool., Porto Alegre 5 (13): 225-256
  • Dixon, J. R. 1980. The neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis. The generic concept. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 31: 1-40 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1863. Enumerazione sistematica degli ofidi appartenenti al gruppo Coronellidae. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. 2 (2): 213-330 [1862] - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1866. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 16. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Muscat, Edelcio; Matheus de Toledo Moroti 2020. Filling gaps: new record of Echinantera amoena (Jan, 1863) for the Serra da Mantiqueira, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 13: 429-431 - get paper here
  • Myers, C.W. 1974. The systematics of Rhadinaea (Colubridae), a genus of New World snakes. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 153 (1): 1-262 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Santos-Azevedo, Weverton dos; Ligia Grazziely dos Santos Amorim, Frederico de Alcântara Menezes, Arthur Diesel Abegg 2018. Natural history notes and geographic distribution of the poorly known Echinanthera amoena (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Herpetology Notes 11: 925-928 - get paper here
  • Santos-Azevedo, Weverton dos; Ligia Grazziely dos Santos Amorim, Frederico de Alcântara Menezes, Arthur Diesel Abegg 2019. Corrigendum to “Natural history notes and geographic distribution of the poorly known Echinanthera amoena (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)” by Azevedo et al. (2018). Herpetology Notes 12: 1027 - get paper here
  • Schargel, Walter E., Gilson Rivas Fuenmayor and Charles W. Myers 2005. An Enigmatic New Snake from Cloud Forest of the Península de Paria, Venezuela (Colubridae: Genus Taeniophallus?). American Museum Novitates 3484:1-22. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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