Amphisbaena uroxena MOTT, RODRIGUES, DE FREITAS & SILVA, 2008

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Higher Taxa	Amphisbaenidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names	Portuguese: Cobra-de-Duas-Cabeças, Cobra-Cega
Synonym	Amphisbaena uroxena MOTT, RODRIGUES, DE FREITAS & SILVA 2008
Distribution	Brazil (Bahia), elevation 1100 m. Type locality: Fazenda Caraibas (13°09’49’’S, 41°24’19’’W), district of Cascavel, municipality of Mucugê, Serra do Espinhaço (Chapada Diamantina), state of Bahia, Brazil.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: MZUSP 95987, an immature female, collected by Marco Antonio de Freitas and Thais Figueiredo Santos Silva on 8 December 2005.
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: A small Amphisbaena with a short, blunt, nonautotomic tail covered with small conic tubercules at their diagonal and dorsally oriented tip. This morphological feature is unique among South American amphisbaenians. No visible precloacal pores, paired nasals, prefrontals, frontals and parietals, 210– 213 body and 12–13 caudal annuli, 14 dorsal and 14–15 ventral segments per annuli at midbody, 3 supralabials, 3 infralabials. Head not distinct from the trunk, mouth ventral. Prefrontals are the largest head scales.
Comment	Amphisbaena uroxena is a small amphisbaenian without precloacal pores, 210–213 body annuli, 12–13 tail annuli without evident autotomic site, and 14 dorsal and 14–15 ventral segments per annuli at midbody. The striking difference of this form is the presence of small tubercles on the dorsal region of its tail. This feature is unique among its congeners, although Rhineura floridana, a North American amphisbaenian, has tubercles on its tail. Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017).
Etymology	The uroxena from the Greek “uros” meaning tail and “xenos” meaning strange, different, is a reference to the strikingly different tail of this species.
References	Almeida JPFA De, De Freitas MA, Da Silva MB, Valverde MCC, Rodrigues MT, Pires AM, Mott T. 2018. A new four-pored Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4514 (4): 553-562. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.4.8. - get paper here Freitas, M.A.; D. Veríssimo; V. Uhlig. 2012. Squamate Reptiles of the central Chapada Diamantina, with a focus on the municipality of Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil. Check List 8(1):16-22 - get paper here Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here Mott, T.; Rodrigues, M.T.; de Freitas, M.A. & Silva, T.F.S. 2008. New Species of Amphisbaena with a Nonautotomic and Dorsally Tuberculate Blunt Tail From State of Bahia, Brazil (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Journal of Herpetology 42 (1): 172-175 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1670%2F07… https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/554716693419600/ Google images

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