Amphisbaena arda RODRIGUES, 2003

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Higher Taxa	Amphisbaenidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names	Portuguese: Cobra-de-Duas-Cabeças-Pintada
Synonym	Amphisbaena arda RODRIGUES 2003 Amphisbaena arda — GANS 2005: 11 Amphisbaena arda — PAIVA et al. 2024
Distribution	Brazil (Bahia) Type locality: Mocambo do Vento, Ibiraba, Bahia, Brazil (10° 49’ 13’’ S, 42° 52’ 26’’ W).
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: MZUSP 91638
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: A medium-sized Amphisbaena with an elongate snout, paired nasals, frontals and parietals, 242 body and 30 caudal annuli, 23 dorsal and 23 ventral segments per annuli at midbody, 4 precloacal pores, 4 supralabials, and 3 infralabials. The distance between nostril and upper lip equals distance from nostril to suture between nasals. Additionally the new species differs from all other Amphisbaena by presenting a checkered black and white pattern which is restricted to dorsal and lateral parts of body; the ventral surface is immaculate creamy white [RODRIGUES 2003 (2002)].
Comment	Sympatry: A. hastata, Leposternon polystegum. Similar species: A. fuliginosa, A. vermicularis. A. arda has an immaculate venter whereas in A. fuliginosa the ventral color varies from a checkered pattern identical to dorsal color to a slightly black mottled ventral surface but never immaculate. The head scales of A. arda are flat, never swollen whereas in A. vermicularis the head scales are characteristically swollen. Habitat: in sand Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017). This is one of the species called 'lost' and 'rediscovered' by Lindken et al. 2024.
Etymology	Named after the Greek “arda” = dirty; refering to the unclean color pattern which is predominantly milky-white with irregular and scattered black spots.
References	Gans, C. 2005. CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE AMPHISBAENIA OF THE WORLD. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 289: 1-130 - get paper here Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here Hamdan, B.; D.P. Coelho; A.B. D’Angiolella; E.J.R. Dias; R.M. Lira-da-Silva. 2013. The Reptile Collection of the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil. Check List 9 (2):257-262 - get paper here Lindken T.; Anderson, C. V., Ariano-Sánchez, D., Barki, G., Biggs, C., Bowles, P., Chaitanya, R., Cronin, D. T., Jähnig, S. C., Jeschke, J. M., Kennerley, R. J., Lacher, T. E. Jr., Luedtke, J. A., Liu, C., Long, B., Mallon, D., Martin, G. M., Meiri, 2024. What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species? Global Change Biology, 30: 1-18 - get paper here Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here Paiva, C. L., Hipsley, C. A., Müller, J., Zaher, H., & Costa, H. C. 2024. Comparative skull osteology of Amphisbaena arda and Amphisbaena vermicularis (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Journal of morphology, 285(5), e21702 Rodrigues, M.T. 2003. Herpetofauna of Quaternary sand dunes of the middle Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil. VIII. Amphisbaena arda sp. nov., a fuliginosa-like checkered patterned Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Phyllomedusa 1 (2): 51-56 [2002] - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List Google images

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