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Amphisbaena pretrei DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1839

IUCN Red List - Amphisbaena pretrei - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAmphisbaenidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Rio Grande Worm Lizard
Portuguese: Cobra-de-Duas-Cabeças, Cobra-Cega 
SynonymAmphisbaena pretrei DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 486
Amphisbaena subocularis PETERS 1879: 779
Amphisbaena pretraei — GRAY 1865: 370
Amphisbaena pretrii — BOULENGER 1885
Amphisbaena subocularis — BOULENGER 1888: 40
Amphisbaena brachyura AMARAL 1933: 55
Amphisbaena petrei — AMARAL 1932
Amphisbaena pretrei — GANS 2005: 18 
DistributionBrazil (Rio Grande do Norte to Minas Gerais, Bahia Pernambuco, Ceará, Sergipe)

Type locality: ‘‘Brésil’’.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MNHN-RA A3110 (designated by Gans, 1965c); paralectotype: MNHN-RA A0553. 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS: A medium- to large-sized form of Amphisbaena, without major fusions of head shields, with a relatively wide, rounded snout, a head that continues into the trunk without constriction or widening, and with generally some modification of or anterior elongation of the ocular, or splitting off of a part of the lateral edge of the large prefrontal to form one or more small irregular segments. The form has 231 to, 255 body annuli; 22 to 26 caudal annuli, the last of which are poorly inscribed, and the terminal ones have the segments swollen. The fifth, sixth or seventh, generally the sixth, caudal annulus has sharply narrowed into an autotomy constriction at which some specimens have broken tails. Median numbers of segments to a midbody annulus are 20 to'27 for dorsals and 22 to 28 for ventrals. Five to nine, generally six or eight, precloacal pores lie in an uninterrupted series. Only the lateral sulci are strongly indicated. Specimens have a uniform brown dorsal surface and a clear ventral surface. The pigment covers the segments evenly, though there is an intra-annular pigment density gradient and some dorsal segments also bear a central light spot. The ventral countershading occurs more or less gradually along the sides. (Gans 1965) 
CommentSynonymy: after GANS 1965. 
EtymologyNamed after Jean Gabriel Pretre (1800-1840), a highly regarded French artist who was employed by Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1933. Estudos sobre Lacertilios neotropicos. I. novos generos e especies de largartos do Brasil. Mem. Inst. Butantan 7 [1932]: 51-75 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Borges-Nojosa, D. M. & Caramaschi, U. 2003. Composição e análise comparativa da diversidade e das afinidades biogeográficas dos lagartos e anfisbenídeos (Squamata) dos brejos nordestinos. In: I.R. Leal, M. Tabarelli & J.M.C. Silva (eds.). Ecologia e conservação da Caatinga, pp. 181-236. Editora Universitária, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1888. On some reptiles and batrachians from Iguarasse, Pernambuco. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2: 40—43 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1990. Les types d'Amphisbaenidés, Pygopodidés, Xantusiidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - Catalogue critique. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 12 (ser. 4) A (3-4), suppl.: 3-18
  • Calixto PO, Morato SAA 2017. Herpetofauna recorded by a fauna rescue program in a Caatinga area of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Check List 13 (5): 647-657 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1885. Twelfth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 22: 167-194 [1884] - get paper here
  • De Araujo, A. P., Oitaven, L. P. C., Tavares, A. P. G. and de Moura, G. J. B. 2020. Amphisbaena pretrei. Predation. Herpetological Review 51: 118-119. - get paper here
  • Dubeux, M. J. M., Araújo Neto, J. V. D., Triburcio, I. C. S., Lisboa, B. S., Torquato, S., Freitas, M. A. D., ... & Mott, T. 2022. A “hotspot” within a hotspot: the reptiles of the Estação Ecológica and Área de Proteção Ambiental de Murici, Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 22: 1-14 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • Freire, E. M. X., Kolodiuk, M. F., Gogliath, M., Kokubum, M. N. D. C., Rêgo, B. D. P., Ribeiro, M. M., ... & Sales, R. F. D. 2023. The herpetofauna of priority highland areas for conservation of the Caatinga in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 23, e20221395 - get paper here
  • Freitas, M.A.; D. Veríssimo; V. Uhlig. 2012. Squamate Reptiles of the central Chapada Diamantina, with a focus on the municipality of Mucugê, state of Bahia, Brazil. Check List 8(1):16-22 - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco A. de; Marcos J.M. Dubeux, Márcio F. Chaves, Bruno F. Fiorillo, Gentil A.P. Filho, Washington L.S. Vieira, and Geraldo J.B. de Moura 2023. Herpetofauna in three highland Atlantic Forest remnants in northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 16: 377-390
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de 2014. Squamate reptiles of the Atlantic Forest of northern Bahia, Brazil. Check List 10 (5): 1020-1030 - get paper here
  • Gans, C. 2005. CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE AMPHISBAENIA OF THE WORLD. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 289: 1-130 - get paper here
  • Gans, Carl 1965. Redescription of Amphisbaena pretrei Dumeril and Bibron and A. leucocephala Peters, with a Discussion of Their Relation and Synonymy (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). American Midland Naturalist 74 (2) - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. A revision of the genera and species of amphisbaenians with the descriptions of some new species now in the collection of the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1865: 442-455. - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. A revision of the genera and species of amphisbaenians with the descriptions of some new species now in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 16: 365-377 - get paper here
  • Hamdan, B.; D.P. Coelho; A.B. D’Angiolella; E.J.R. Dias; R.M. Lira-da-Silva. 2013. The Reptile Collection of the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil. Check List 9 (2):257-262 - get paper here
  • Medeiros-Magalhães, Felipe de; Daniel Orsi Laranjeiras, Taís Borges Costa, Flora Acuña Juncá, Daniel Oliveira Mesquita, David Lucas Röhr, Willianilson Pessoa da Silva, Gustavo Henrique Calazans Vieira, Adrian Antonio Garda 2015. Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga IV: Chapada Diamantina National Park, Bahia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 8: 243-261 - get paper here
  • OLIVEIRA LIMA, JEFFERSON; HUGO ANDRADE, TAINARA LIMA DA SILVA & EDUARDO JOSÉ DOS REIS DIAS. 2022. Reptiles of Sergipe: current knowledge and sampling discontinuities. Herpetology Notes 15: 69–78. - get paper here
  • Peters,W.C.H. 1879. Über vier neue amerikanische Amphisbaena-Arten. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1878: 778-781 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro, Leonardo B.; Samuel C. Gomides, and Henrique C. Costa 2020. A New Worm Lizard Species (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae: Amphisbaena) with Non-autotomic Tail, from Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 54 (1): 9-18 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro, S. C., I. J. Roberto, D. L. Sales, R. W. Ávila & W. O. Almeida 2012. Amphibians and reptiles from the Araripe bioregion, northeastern Brazil. Salamandra 48 (3): 133-146 - get paper here
  • Roberto, Igor Joventino; Cícero Ricardo de Oliveira, João Antonio de Araújo Filho, Herivelto Faustino de Oliveira, Robson Waldemar Ávila 2017. The herpetofauna of the Serra do Urubu mountain range: a key biodiversity area for conservation in the brazilian atlantic forest. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 57 (27): 347-373 - get paper here
  • ROBERTO, IGOR JOVENTINO; LUCAS B. M. BRITO, & ROBSON W. ÁVILA 2014. A new six-pored Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from the coastal zone of northeast Brazil. Zootaxa 3753 (2): 167–176 - get paper here
  • Rodrigues, M.T. 2003. Herpetofauna da Caatinga. In: I.R. Leal, M. Tabarelli & J.M.C. Silva (eds.). Ecologia e conservação da Caatinga, pp. 181-236. Editora Universitária, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
  • Rojas-Padilla O, Menezes VQ, Dias IR, Argôlo AJS, Solé M, Orrico VGD 2020. Amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras: an important center of endemism within the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil. ZooKeys 1002: 159-185 - get paper here
  • Vanzolini, P.E. 1974. Ecological and geographical distribution of lizards in Pernambuco, northeastern Brasil (Sauria). Papeis Avulsos de Zool. 28(4): 61-90. - get paper here
  • Vanzolini, P.E. 2002. AN AID TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AMPHISBAENA (SQUAMATA, AMPHISBAENIDAE). Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 42(15):351-362 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro, L. B., Gomides, S. C., & Costa, H. C. 2018. A New Species of Amphisbaena from Northeastern Brazil (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Journal of Herpetology 52 (2): 234–241 - get paper here
 
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