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Anguis colchica (NORDMANN, 1840)

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Higher TaxaAnguidae (Anguinae), Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Slow Worm
G: Blindschleiche
NL: hazelworm
Russian: колхидская веретеница 
SynonymOtophis eryx var. colchica NORDMANN 1840
Anguis incerta KRYNICKI 1837
Anguis orientalis ANDERSON 1872: 376
Anguis fragalis var. colchica — BOETTGER 1892: 138
Anguis fragalis var. colchica — WERNER 1903
Anguis fragilis colchicus — ROITBERG et al. 2000
Anguis fragilis colchicus — BISCHOFF 2002
Anguis fragilis colchica — RAZZETTI et al. in ZUFFI 2006
Anguis fragilis colchicus — SOS 2007
Anguis fragilis colchicus — RASTEGAR-POUYANI et al. 2008
Anguis colchica — JABLONSKI & MEDUNA 2010
Anguis colchica incerta — JABLONSKI & MEDUNA 2010
Anguis colchica colchica — GVOŽDÍK et al. 2010
Anguis colchica incerta — GVOŽDÍK et al. 2010
Anguis colchica orientalis — GVOŽDÍK et al. 2010
Anguis colchica — GVOŽDIK et al. 2013
Anguis colchica — ZAMFIRESCU et al. 2016 
Distributioncolchica: (east of the Alps in NE Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, N Iran, Ukraine, S Russia (Dagestan), Romania, Lithuania, eastern Czech Republic, Armenia.

Type locality: “Kuban-Gebiet (SW Russia) und Mingrelien” (West Republic of Georgia).

incerta: Lithuania; Type locality: Vilnius [Lithuania]; restricted by Mertens and Wermuth, 1960 to ‘‘Wilna, Litauen” [=Vilnius, Lithuania]

orientalis: N Iran, probably SE Azerbaijan; Type locality: ‘Rehst, on the Caspian Sea” [= Rasht, Iran]  
Reproductionovovivparous. 
TypesSyntypes: unlocated (ANDERSON 1999)
Holotype: ZIS 4829 [orientalis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (238 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentTaxonomy: GVOŽDÍK et al. 2010 resurrected A. graeca and a number of subspecies. However, while these clades are clearly different genetically, they are not diagnosable morphologically. Gvoždík et al. (2013) suggested to distinguish 5 genetic species of Anguis: graeca, colchica, fragilis, cinerea, and cephallonica. A detailed morphological analysis of the entire genus is under preparation (Benkovsky ́ et al., in preparation).

Nomenclature: GVOŽDÍK et al. 2010 suggest to retain the name A. colchica (Nordmann, 1840) valid as nomen protectum. Consequently, they propose to treat A. incerta Krynicki, 1837 as nomen oblitum. Anguis is female as based on LINNAEUS’ original use.

Distribution: see map in Gvoždík et al. (2013) and Jablonski et al. 2016: 3 (Fig. 1), Jablonski et al. 2021: Fig. 1, Benkovský et al. 2021. Apparently there is not fragilis in Romania, only colchica (Vörös et al. 2012). See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran.

Karyotype: 2n = 44 (Altmanová et al. 2022) 
EtymologyNamed after Colchis, an ancient territory in Asia situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea; it does not appear on modern maps and only exists as a Greek legend, once famous as a home of sorcery (Gotch 1986). 
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