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Anolis solitarius RUTHVEN, 1916

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Solitaire Anole 
SynonymAnolis solitarius RUTHVEN 1916
Anolis solitarius — PETERS et al. 1970: 67
Anolis solitarius — RUEDA et al. 1986
Anolis paravertebralis BERNAL-CARLO & ROZE 2005
Anolis umbrivagus BERNAL-CARLO & ROZE 2005
Dactyloa umbrivaga — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa umbrivaga — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Dactyloa paravertebralis — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa paravertebralis — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Dactyloa solitaria — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa solitaria — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis solitarius — POE et al. 2023 
DistributionColombia

Type locality: San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia, 5000 ft. elevation.

paravertebralis: Colombia; Type locality: Hacienda Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Magdalena (Sierra NEvada de Santa Maria), Colombia, 1530 m elevation.

umbrivagus: Colombia; Type locality: Ciudad Perdida, Sierra Nevada de Santa maria, Magdalena, Colombia.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UMMZ 48303
Holotype: ANSP 19713, adult male [paravertebralis]
Holotype: ICN-MHN = ICN 6181, adult male [umbrivagus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: Poe et al. 2023 synonymized Anolis paravertebralis and A. umbrivagus with A. solitarius.

Species groups: Dactyloa punctata species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012).

Anolis paravertebralis and A. umbrivagus are only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017).

Etymology: The name paravertebralis alludes to the enlarged, subimbricate and somewhat enlarged middorsal scale rows. A. umbrivagus is from Latin for “wanderer of the shadows”, alluding to its habitat of the rain forest shady environment. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin solitarius, hermit; anchorite; person living alone. [?]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • Ayala S C; Harris D M; Williams E E 1984. Anolis menta, sp. n. (Sauria, Iguanidae), a new tigrinus group anole from the west side of Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 35(12): 135-145 - get paper here
  • Bernal Carlo A. & Roze J A. 2005. Lizards of the genus Anolis (Reptilia: Polychrotidae) from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, with description of two new species. Novedades Colombianas Nueva Epoca 8(1): 9-26 - get paper here
  • Carvajal-Cogollo, J.E.; L.E. Rojas-Murcia. & G. Cárdenas-Arévalo 2020. Reptiles del Caribe colombiano/ Reptiles of the Colombian Caribbean. Tunja: Editorial UPTC, 268 pp. - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A. & Donoso-Barros, Roberto 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 293 pp. - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Poe, S., Pérez-González, J. L., Barnett, J., & Rueda-Solano, L. A. 2023. Anolis paravertebralis Bernal-Carlo and Roze, 2005 and A. umbrivagus Bernal-Carlo and Roze, 2005 are Junior Synonyms of A. solitarius Ruthven, 1916 (Squamata: Dactyloidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 26(1), 11-14 - get paper here
  • Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J. D., & Calderón-Espinosa, M. L. 2024. Sexual dimorphism and female ecomorphology in Anolis (Squamata: Anolidae): knowledge of female morphology increases the understanding of Anolis diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blae019 - get paper here
  • Rueda J V; Williams E E 1986. Una nueva especie de saurio para la Cordillera oriental de Colombia (Sauria: Iguanidae). Caldasia 15 (71-75): 511-524 - get paper here
  • Ruthven, Alexander G. 1916. Three new species of Anolis from the Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (32): 1-8 - get paper here
 
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