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Anolis townsendi STEJNEGER, 1900

IUCN Red List - Anolis townsendi - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Townsend's Anole 
SynonymAnolis townsendi STEJNEGER 1900: 163
Anolis townsendi — HELLER 1901: 95
Anolis townsendi — TAYLOR 1956: 123
Anolis townsendi — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 67
Norops townsendi — VILLA et al. 1988
Norops townsendi — KÖHLER 2000: 63
Norops townsendi — NICHOLSON 2002
Norops townsendi — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops townsendi — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionCosta Rica (Cocos Island)

Type locality: Cocos Island, Costa Rica.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 22106 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 3967 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSpecies group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012)

Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017). 
EtymologyNamed in honour of Mr. Charles H. Townsend, the collector of the types. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Heller, Edmund 1901. Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition, 1898-1899. WIV. Reptiles. Proc. Washington Academy Sci. 14: 39-98 - get paper here
  • Jenssen, T.A. & L.M. Rothblum 1977. Display Repertoire Analysis of Anolis townsendi (Sauria: Iguanidae) from Cocos Island Copeia 1977 (1): 103-109. - get paper here
  • Jenssen, Thomas A. 1977. Evolution of Anoline Lizard Display Behavior. American Zoologist 17: 203-215 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions 24 (2): 262-273 - get paper here
  • Nicholson, K.E. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis and a test of the current infrageneric classification of Norops (beta Anolis). Herpetological Monographs 16: 93-120 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A. & Donoso-Barros, Roberto 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part II. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 293 pp. - get paper here
  • Phillips, JG, SE Burton, MM Womack, E Pulver, and KE Nicholson 2019. Biogeography, systematics, and ecomorphology of Pacific island anoles. Diversity 11: 141 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Poe, Steven 2025. A Guide to the Anolis Lizards (Anoles) of Mainland Central and South America. Princeton University Press, 432 pp. - get paper here
  • Sasa, M., Arias, E., & Chaves, G. 2025. Annotated list of amphibians and reptiles of Costa Rica: The role of the Museum of Zoology in cataloging the country’s herpetological diversity. Revista de Biología Tropical, 73(S2): e64536-e64536 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Stejneger, L 1900. Descriptions of two new lizards of the genus Anolis from Cocos and Malpelo Islands. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 36: 161- 163 (+ 1 plate) - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1956. A review of the lizards of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 38 (part 1): 3-322 - get paper here
 
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