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Aspidoscelis sackii (WIEGMANN, 1834)

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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesAspidoscelis sackii sackii (WIEGMANN 1834)
Aspidoscelis sackii bocourti (BOULENGER 1885)
Aspidoscelis sackii gigas (DAVIS & SMITH 1952) 
Common NamesE: Sack’s Spotted Whiptail
S: Campeche
S: Cuiji Moteado Gigante [gigas]
E: Giant Spotted Whiptail [gigas] 
SynonymCnemidophorus sackii WIEGMANN 1834: 28
Ameiva sackii — COPE 1862: 63
Cnemidophorus mexicanus PETERS 1870: 62
Cnemidophorus costatus COPE 1878: 95
Cnemidophorus mexicanus balsas GADOW 1906: 363
Cnemidophorus communis australis GADOW 1906: 352
Cnemidophorus mexicanus typica GADOW 1906: 360
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sackii — BURT 1931: 73
Cnemidophorus sackii sackii — SMITH 1949: 41
Cnemidophorus sackii sackii — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 180
Cnemidophorus sackii australis — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 181
Cnemidophorus sacki sacki — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus sackii — LINER 1994
Cnemidophorus sackiecki
Aspidoscelis sacki — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis sackii — MATA-SILVA et al. 2015

Aspidoscelis sackii bocourti (BOULENGER 1885)
Cnemidophorus bocourti BOULENGER 1885: 367
Cnemidophorus communis bocourti — GADOW 1906: 356
Cnemidophorus communis copei — GADOW 1906: 350
Cnemidophorus sackii bocourti — SMITH 1946: 69
Cnemidophorus sackii bocourti — MERTENS 1952: 55
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sackii — BOCOURT 1874: 276
Cnemidophorus sackii — SCHMIDT & STUART 1941: 244

Aspidoscelis sackii gigas (DAVIS & SMITH 1952)
Cnemidophorus gigas DAVIS & SMITH 1952: 98
Cnemidophorus sacki gigas — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Aspidoscelis sacki gigas — REEDER et al. 2002
Cnemidophorus sackii gigas — CASTRO-FRANCO & BUSTOS-ZAGAL 2003
Aspidoscelis sackii gigas — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 
DistributionMexico (Michoacán, Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Chiapas, Oaxaca, México [HR 31: 184], Tamaulipas)

australis: Foothills about the C Oaxacan highlands, excluding the Balsas Basin, in the upper headwaters of the Río Papaloapam and Río Tehuantepec, and near the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Type locality: Not specified. Lagunas or Cuicatlán, Oaxaca. Restricted to Cuicatlán, Oaxaca by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.

balsas: Type locality: Mexico: Yautepec, Morelos;

bocourti: Uplands from C Oaxaca through C Chiapas into C Guatemala, El Salvador; Type locality: “Mexico” and “California”. Restricted to Oaxaca, Oaxaca, by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.

gigas: Mexico (Morelos).

mariarum: Tres Marías Island. Type locality: Tres Marías Island.

sackii: Río Balsas Valley: Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, Michoacán. Type locality: Mexico. Restricted to Cuernavaca, Morelos by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. Further restricted to “Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico” by DUELLMAN & ZWEIFEL 1962.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 884 (sackii)
Lectotype: BNH 1906.7.19.11 (australis; designated by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950)
Syntypes: BMNH 1857.10.28.81 [bocourti]
Syntypes: BMNH 1881.10.1.81-82, 86-88 [mariarum]
Syntype: INHS (= UIMNH) 39955 (formerly CNHM 1350) [balsas]
Holotype: TCWC 6804; female; J. R. Dixon; 19 Aug. 1950 [gigas]
Lectotype: BMNH 1906.7.19.11; male. Designated by Smith and Taylor (1950:182) [australis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (gigas). A large Cnemidophorus with 4 supraoculars, 8 rows of bro ta to ente arch reticUlated a col black, he reiciations sometilies forming narrow, broken, irregular cross bars; broad, but usually indistinct, blackish dorsolateral stripe from above ear to near femur, below this a series of blackish spots or irregular vertical bars or a dark longitudinal stripe from near axilla to groin; top of hind legs reticulated, not spotted with white; top of head usually solid brown or greenish olive, paler on snout; underparts in both sexes usually bluish, heavily marked with blackish on the anterior or lateral parts of each belly scale involved, the black markings in most specimens extending forward to gular fold; underside of tail usually heavily marked with black; throat in males usually pinkish in life, pale bluish in females. Sexually mature subadults are characterized by numerous light spots arranged more or less in rows on the dark background of sides and dorsolateral areas, one row below lateral light stripe, two rows between lateral and paravertebral stripes and two incomplete rows between paravertebral stripe and mid-dorsal line; six distinct light grayish blue stripes discernible, the middle pair extending from nape to about the mid-region; lateral stripes extend forward through ears onto sides of head under eyes; throat pale bluish. Juveniles superficially resemble young C. s. sacki but lack the continuous dark band inside the paravertebral stripes and have small polygonal scales on back of forearm. (Davis & Smith 1952)


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CommentSynonymy and subspecies partly after SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. They also synonymized Cnemidophorus motaguae SACKETT 1941 with Cnemidophorus sackii bocourti. Maslin & Secoy 1986 list Cnemidophorus communis australis GADOW 1906 as a synonym of sacki.

Distribution: older papers report this species from Texas but this appears to represent other species. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bocourt, M. E. 1873. In: A. Duméril, M. F. Bocourt, and F. Mocquard, (1870-1909), Etudes sur les reptiles, p. i-xiv; In Recherches Zoologiques pour servir a l'Histoire de Ia Faune de l'Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale, Recherches zoologiques. Part 2, sect. 1. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, Livr. 2-15, pp. 33-860. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Burt, Charles E. 1931. The status of the spotted race-runner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus gularis (Baird and Girard). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 73-78 - get paper here
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Castro-Franco, Rubén, María Guasalupe Bustos-Zagal 1994. List of reptiles of Morelos, Mexico, and their distribution in relation to vegetation types. Southwestern Naturalist 39 (2): 171-175 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. Synopsis of the species of Holcosus and Ameiva, with diagnoses of new West Indian and South American Colubridae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 60-82. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1878. Tenth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 17: 85-98 [1877] - get paper here
  • Davis, W. B.; Smith, H. M. 1952. A new whiptailed lizard (Genus Cnemidophorus) from Mexico. Herpetologica 8: 97-100 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1960. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacan, México. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 10: 587-598. - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E., & ZWEIFEL, R. G. 1962. A synopsis of the lizards of the sexlineatus group (genus Cnemidophorus). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 123: 155-210. - get paper here
  • Gadow,H. 1906. A contribution to the study of evolution based upon the Mexican species of Cnemidophorus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1906: 277-375 (+ maps) - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Hernández-Gallegos, Oswaldo, Carlos Pérez-Almazán, Ana Esthela López-Moreno, Gisela Granados-González and James M. Walker. 2011. Aspidoscelis sacki (Sack's spotted whiptail) reproduction. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 428 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the State of Mexico, Mexico with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 953: 137-159 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the herpetofauna of Morelos, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 941: 121-144 - get paper here
  • Lowe, Charles H., Jr 1955. A new species of whiptailed lizard (Genus Cnemidophorus) from the Colorado Plateau of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah. Breviora (47): 1-7 - get paper here
  • Martin, Plul S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (101): 1-102 + 7 plates - get paper here
  • Maslin, T. & Secoy, D.M. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Contr. Zool. Univ. Colorado Mus. 1: 1-60
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp.
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Peters, WILHELM C. H. 1869. Eine Mittheilung über neue Gattungen und Arten von Eidechsen. Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1869: 57-66 - get paper here
  • REEDER, T.W.; CHARLES J. COLE AND HERBERT C. DESSAUER 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Whiptail Lizards of the Genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A Test of Monophyly, Reevaluation of Karyotypic Evolution, and Review of Hybrid Origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P.;Stuart, L. C. 1941. The herpetological fauna of the Salama Basin, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. Zoological series of Field Museum of Natural History 24 (21): 233-247 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. 1949. Miscellaneous notes on Mexican lizards. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 39: 34-43.
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1946. nan Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 7: 69
  • Taylor, Edward H. 1936. Notes on the Herpetological fauna of the Mexican state of Sinaloa. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 24 (20): 505-537 - get paper here
  • Trujillo–Caballero, S. & J. A. González–Oreja 2018. Efficient vs. structured biodiversity inventories: reptiles in a Mexican dry scrubland as a case study. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41.2 (2018) 245 - get paper here
  • WALKER, J. M., G. GRANADOS-GONZALEZ, A. PEREZ-PEREZ, A. E. LOPEZ-MORENO, O. HERNANDEZ-GALLEGOS, AND J. E. CORDES 2020. Aspidoscelis sackii gigas (Sack’s Reticulated Whiptail). Color Pattern Variation. Herpetological Review 51: 591-593.
  • Wiegmann,A.F.A. 1834. Herpetologia Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum novae hispaniae , quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede im Museum Zoologicum Berolinense Pervenerunt. Pars prima, saurorum species. Berlin, Lüderitz, iv + 54 pp. - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4 (4): 791–884 - get paper here
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1959. Variation in and distribution of lizards of western Mexico related to Cnemidophorus sacki. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 117 (2): 57-116 - get paper here
  • Zweifel, Richard G. 1961. Relationship of two whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) in western Mexico. Copeia 1961 (1): 98-103 - get paper here
 
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