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Asthenodipsas laevis (BOIE, 1827)

IUCN Red List - Asthenodipsas laevis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaPareidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Smooth Slug Snake
G: Gefleckte Schneckennatter 
SynonymAmblycephalus laevis BOIE 1827: 520
Dipsas laevis — SCHLEGEL 1837: 287
Pareas laevis — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 442
Amblycephalus laevis — BOULENGER 1890
Pareas lacuis (sic) — EDELING 1870
Leptognathus laevis — JAN 1863
Amblycephalus laevis — DE ROOIJ 1917: 276
Amblycephalus laevis — DEUVE 1961: 30
Pareas laevis — TAYLOR 1965: 685
Pareas laevis — GRANDISON 1978: 294
Pareas laevis — MANTHEY 1983
Internatus laevis — RAO & YANG 1992
Pareas laevis — MURPHY et al. 1994
Internatus laevis — DAVID & VOGEL 1996
Pareas laevis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 377
Pareas laevis — STUEBING & INGER 1999
Asthenodipsas laevis — ISKANDAR & COLIJN 2002
Internatus laevis — MALKMUS et al. 2002
Asthenodipsas laevis — GROSSMANN & TILLACK 2004
Asthenodipsas laevis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 59
Asthenodipsas (Asthenodipsas) laevis — POYARKOV et al. 2022 
DistributionIndonesia (Borneo, Bangka, Kalimantan, Java, Mentawai Archipelago, Natuna Archipelago, Sumatra);
Laos; Malaysia (Malaya and East Malaysia);
Thailand, Pulau Bangka, Singapore

Type locality: not given. Designated as “Java, Indonesia” by GROSSMANN & TILLACK 2003.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: RMNH 986 B (designated by GROSSMANN & TILLACK 2003) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Small snakes reaching a length of 545 mm., the body strongly compressed; no preocular; loreal and prefrontal entering eye; two or three labials bordering orbit; first chinshield undivided, in contact with mental; third infralabial large touching its fellow; two pairs of large chinshields broader than long; brown with irregular dark crossbands; sides orange, venter brown or yellowish, spotted with brown or with transverse brown spots on sides. (Taylor 1965: 685)


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CommentType species: Amblycephalus laevis BOIE 1827: 520 is the type species of the genus Amblycephalus BOIE 1827. Note that Amblycephalus Schlegel, 1826a: 238, 1826b: 293 is a nomen nudum; no type species was named either. The generic name Amblycephalus is pre-occupied by some cestoda (ZEDLER 1803).

Key: Boulenger 1914: 484 provided a key to the 12 species of Amblycephalus known at the time.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
References
  • Ahmad, Norhayati; Eddie Ahmad, Mahathir Ratag, Edward Asrul Alimin Sinon, Brandon Don, Francer Francis, Muhammad Ridzuan Mahmod, Amshari Agimin, Daicus Belabut 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Imbak Canyon Study Centre and Batu Timbang Camp. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 16: 25–33
  • Boie, F. 1827. Bemerkungen über Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, 1. Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis von Oken 20: 508-566. - get paper here
  • Bong Heang, Kiew 1987. An annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of Ulu Endau, Johore, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 41 (2-3): 413-423.
  • Boulenger, GEORGE A. 1914. Descriptions of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14 (84): 482-485. - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • David,P. & Vogel, G. 1996. The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. Bücher Kreth, Frankfurt/M.
  • de Rooij, N. DE 1917. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Il. Ophidia. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 334 S. - get paper here
  • Deuve, J. 1961. Liste annotee des Serpents du Laos. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Laos 1:5-32.
  • FIGUEROA, ALEX; MARTYN E.Y. LOW, KELVIN K.P. LIM 2023. Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution. Zootaxa 5287 (1): 001–378 - get paper here
  • Grandison, A. G. C. 1978. Snakes of West Malaysia and Singapore. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 81 [1977]: 283-303 - get paper here
  • Grossmann, W. & Tillack, F. 2003. On the taxonomic status of Asthenodipsas tropidonotus (LIDTH DE JEUDE 1923) and Pareas vertebralis BOULENGER 1900) (Serpentes: Colubridae: Pareatinae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 10 (3): 175-190 - get paper here
  • Grossmann, W. & Tillack, F. 2004. Die Bergschneckennatter Asthenodipsas vertebralis (BOULENGER 1900) im Biotop und im Terrarium (Squamata: Colubridae: Pareatinae). Sauria, Berlin 26 (2): 9-22 - get paper here
  • Haile, N.S. 1958. The snakes of Borneo, with a key to the species. Sarawak Mus., Kuching, J. 8: 743-771.
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Herlambang, A. E., Riyanto, A., Munir, M., Hamidy, A., Kimura, K., Eto, K., & Mumpuni, M. 2022. AFTER 16 YEARS: AN UPDATE CHECKLIST OF HERPETOFAUNA ON THE NATUNA ISLANDS, INDONESIA. TREUBIA, 49(2), 67-84 - get paper here
  • Iskandar, Djoko T. and Colijn, E. 2002. A checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I: Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project, Jakarta, 195 pp. [2001]
  • Lang, Ruud de 2017. The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 435 pp. - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R.; Manthey, U.; Vogel, G. Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Ganther Verlag, Rugell, 404 pp.
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • Manthey,U. 1983. Exkursion am Mt. Kinabalu (4101 m), Nordborneo, Teil 3: Checkliste der Herpetofauna oberhalb 600 m ü. NN. Herpetofauna 5 (23): 20-31 - get paper here
  • Murphy, J. C.; Voris, H. K.; Karns, D. R. 1994. A field guide and key to the snakes of the Danum Valley, A bornean tropical rainforest ecosystem. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 29: 133-151
  • Poyarkov NA, Nguyen TV, Pawangkhanant P, Yushchenko PV, Brakels P, Nguyen LH, Nguyen HN, Suwannapoom C, Orlov N, Vogel G. 2022. An integrative taxonomic revision of slug-eating snakes (Squamata: Pareidae: Pareineae) reveals unprecedented diversity in Indochina. PeerJ 10: e12713 - get paper here
  • Quah, Evan S H; Kelvin K P Lim, L Lee Grismer 2021. On the taxonomic status of Asthenodipsas vertebralis (Boulenger, 1900) (Squamata: Pareidae) in Borneo with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4949 (1): 24–44 - get paper here
  • QUAH, EVAN S.H.; L. LEE GRISMER, KELVIN K.P. LIM, M.S. SHAHRUL ANUAR, KIN ONN CHAN 2020. A taxonomic revision of Asthenodipsas malaccana Peters, 1864 (Squamata: Pareidae) with a description of a new species from Borneo. Zootaxa 4729 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Rao, D.Q. & D.T. YANG 1992. Phylogenetic systematics of Pareinae (Serpents) of southeastern Asia and adjacent islands with relationship between it and the geology changes. [In Chinese, English summary]. Acta zool. Sinica, 38 (2): 139-150.
  • Rooijen, J. van & Myriam van Rooijen. 2007. The land snakes of the Santubong Peninsula, Sarawak, Borneo: A preliminary list of species with natural history notes. Russ. J. Herpetol. 14 (1):27-38 - get paper here
  • Rooijen, J. van & Rooijen, M. van 2004. Einige Beobachtungen zur terrestrischen Schlangenfauna auf der Halbinsel Santubong, Sarawak, Ost-Malaysia. Sauria 26 (4): 19-28 - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B. & INGER, R.F. 1999. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo. Natural history Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 254 pp. [corrections in HR 31: 124]. - get paper here
  • Stuebing, R.B., Inger, R.F. & Lardner, B. 2014. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo, second edition. Natural history Publications (Borneo)
  • Syafiq MF, Badli-Sham BH, Grismer LL, Ahmad AB 2023. Uneven species occurrence and richness of lowland snakes (Serpentes, Squamata) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, with new locality records. ZooKeys 1168: 11–39
  • Syafiq, Muhamad Fatihah; Baizul Hafsyam Badli-Sham, Noor-Shahirah Ibrahim, Lukman H. B. Ismail, Muhammad Afif Mohd Amin, Goh Shu Xian, Rabiatul ‘Aqilah Mohamad Ariffin, Muhammad Afiq-Suhaimi, Lok Kar Men, Dila Adilina Danelo, Mohamad Aqmal-Naser, Muh 2024. TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY, AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF REPTILIAN FAUNA AT SEKAYU LOWLAND FORESTS, TERENGGANU, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. Russian Journal of Herpetology Vol. 31, No. 1, 2024, pp. 14 – 23 - get paper here
  • Taylor,E.H. 1965. The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 45 (9): 609-1096 - get paper here
  • TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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