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Atractaspis reticulata SJÖSTEDT, 1896

IUCN Red List - Atractaspis reticulata - Data Deficient, DD
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Higher TaxaAtractaspididae (Atractaspidinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesAtractaspis reticulata brieni LAURENT 1956
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus (BOULENGER 1901)
Atractaspis reticulata reticulata SJÖSTEDT 1896 
Common NamesE: Mole Viper 
SynonymAtractaspis reticulata SJÖSTEDT 1896: 516
Atractaspis reticulata reticulata — LAURENT 1950: 38
Atractaspis reticulata — WELCH 1994: 23
Atractaspis reticulata — CHIRIO & INEICH 2006
Atractaspis reticulata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 67
Atractaspis reticulata reticulata — RÖDEL et al. 2019

Atractaspis reticulata brieni LAURENT 1956: 256
Atractaspis reticulata brieni — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007

Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus (BOULENGER 1901)
Atractaspis heterochilus BOULENGER 1901: 13
Atractaspis heterochilus — WERNER 1913: 32
Atractaspis heterochilus — SCHMIDT 1923: 139
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus — LAURENT 1950: 39
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus — LEGRAND 2002
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus — CHIRIO & LEBRETON 2007
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus — MARQUES et al. 2018: 326
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus — RÖDEL et al. 2019
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus — PAUWELS et al. 2019
Atractaspis reticulata heterochilus — PAUWELS & COLYN 2023 
DistributionCameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic

reticulata: Cameroon; Type locality: “Ekundu” [= Ekundu Titi] (Cameroon)

heterochilus: Cameroon, Rio Muni, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Equatorial Guinea, Angola

brieni: Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire); Type locality: Ipamu  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: NRM 1796, an 800 mm specimen (Feb. 1892), given erroneously as UUZM (= ZMUU) 1796 by Wallach et al. 2014.
Holotype: RMCA (= MRAC = RGMC) 2694, female [brieni]
Holotype: RMCA R.608, female collected by Capt. Hecq, [heterochilus] 
DiagnosisDescription (holotype): Adult female; slender snake with moderately robust body and short and rounded head; no constriction between head and body; snout-vent length 712 mm; tail length 33 mm (ratio SVL / TailL = 21.6); head length 16.4 mm (tip of snout to angle of jaws) / 11.7 mm (tip of snout to end of parietal suture); head width 13.8 mm (at widest point) / 5.8 mm (distance between outer margins of supraoculars at the level of mid eye); nostrils directed laterally; dorsally measured distance between nostrils 4.5 mm; small eyes directed dorsolaterally; eye diameter 1.3 mm (horizontal) / 0.9 mm (vertical), pupil roundish; distance from lower border of eye to mouth 3.8 mm; distance between anterior edge of eye to posterior edge of nostril 3.0 mm; 5 supralabials, the 4th being the largest, the 3rd and 4th in contact with eye; 5 infralabials, the 1st and 3rd touching the inframaxillary, the 2nd fused with the inframaxillary, the 3rd being the largest; the 1st pair of infralabials in contact behind mental; rostral visible from above, rounded in lateral and dorsal views; nasal divided, touching 1st to 3rd supralabial and preocular, nostril nearly completely situated in the anterior part of nasal; loreal absent; 1 small preocular, not in contact with frontal, touching 3rd supralabial; 1 postocular only slightly larger than preocular, touching temporal and 4th supralabial; 1 small supraocular (length 2.4 mm); 1 very large anterior temporal (length 5.0 mm) followed by 2 posterior temporals; other than the temporals only 3 further scales touching the posterior borders of parietals; 1 pair of inframaxillaries, mental groove present; top of head covered by 9 scales; suture of internasals 1.4 mm long; suture of prefrontals 1.3 mm long; frontal slightly longer than wide (5.1 mm vs 4.5 mm); suture of parietals 2.9 mm long; dorsal scales smooth, rhombic shaped, decreasing gradually in size dorsally; apical pits absent, but all dorsal scales with a single little pore near the center of the scale; 4 preventrals, 304+1/2 rounded ventral scales; anal divided; subcaudals divided, 21/21+1; ratio ventrals/ subcaudals: 14.5; dorsal scale rows oblique. (from Rödel et el 2019) 
CommentVenomous!

The description by SCHMIDT (1923) is available online (see URL below).

Distribution: For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022. 
References
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1901. Materiaux pour la faune du Congo. Batraciens et reptiles nouveaux. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. (sect. C. ser. 1) 2: 7-14.
  • Branch, William R.; Pedro Vaz Pinto, Ninda Baptista, and Werner Conradie 2019. The Reptiles of Angola: History, Diversity, Endemism and Hotspots. Chapter 13 in: B. J. Huntley et al. (eds.), Biodiversity of Angola. Springer Verlag, pp. 283-334 - get paper here
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Chirio, Laurent and Ivan Ineich 2006. Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology 55(1):23-59. - get paper here
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Laurent, R.F. 1950. Revision du genre Atractaspis A. SMITH. Mem. Inst. Roy. nat. Belg. (2) 38: 1-49
  • Laurent, R.F. 1956. Notes herpetologiques africaines I. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 52 (3-4): 229-256
  • Legrand, Gonwouo Nono 2002. REPTILES OF MOUNT CAMEROON WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO SPECIES IN INTERCONTINENTAL TRADE. Thesis, University of Yaounde, Cameroon, 73 pp.
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • Ota, H. & Hikida, T. 1987. On a small collection of lizards and snakes from Cameroon, West Africa. African Study Monographs 8 (2): 111-123 - get paper here
  • Pauwels OSG, Morelle S, Albert J-L, Carlino P, Rahola N, Trape J-F. 2019. New reptile records from Lékédi Park and Haut-Ogooué Province, southeastern Gabon. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1) [General Section]: 143–161 (e174) - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O. S., & Colyn, M. 2023. On a Diverse Collection of Snakes from Amadjabe, Left Bank of the Congo River, Northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 58(3), 34-47 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G. & Vande Weghe, J.P. 2008. Les reptiles du Gabon. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: 272 pp. - get paper here
  • Rödel M, Kucharzewski C, Mahlow K, Chirio L, Pauwels OSG, Carlino P, Sambolah G, Glos J 2019. A new stiletto snake (Lamprophiidae, Atractaspidinae, Atractaspis) from Liberia and Guinea, West Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 107-123 - get paper here
  • SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS, A., CALVO-REVUELTA, M. & DE LA RIVA, I. 2022. Synopsis of the terrestrial Reptiles of Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa, 5202 (1): 1-197 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1923. Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part II. Snakes, with field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chapin. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 49 (1): 1-146 - get paper here
  • Siroski, Pablo A. & Moleón Barsani María Soledad 2020. Review of the Recent Knowledge on the Crocodilian Immune System. South American Journal of Herpetology 18 (1): 68-77 - get paper here
  • Sjöstedt, Y. 1896. Atractaspis reticulata, eine neue Schlange aus Kamerun. Zool. Anz. 19: 516-517 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1899. Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Deutsch-Neu-Guinea grösstentheils aus dem k. Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 49: 132-157 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1913. Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frösche des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Reptilien der Ostafrika-Expedition der Hamburger Geographischen Gesellschaft 1911/12. Leiter: Dr. E. Obst. Reptilien und Amphibien von Formosa. Jb. Hamb. wiss. Anst., 30 [1912], 2. Beiheft: 1-39, 40-45, 45-51 - get paper here
 
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