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Atractus paisa PASSOS, ARREDONDO, FERNANDES & LYNCH, 2009

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymAtractus paisa PASSOS, ARREDONDO, FERNANDES & LYNCH 2009: 428
Atractus punctiventris — AMARAL 1937: 236 (in part)
Atractus paisa — WALLACH et al. 2014: 78 
DistributionColombia (Northern Cordillera Central, from Sonsón to La Union municipalities in Antioquia department.)

Type locality: Colombia, Antioquia department, Sonsón municipality, 05°43’N, 75°19’W, Vereda San Francisco, 2600 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: ICN-MHN = ICN 10698, female, 31 March 1996, A. Hincapié. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Atractus paisa is distinguished from all congeners by the following: 15/15/15 smooth dorsal scale rows; two postoculars; moderate loreal; 1+2 temporals; seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; generally seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; eight to eleven maxillary teeth; generally four gular scale rows; three to six preventrals; 158–165 ventrals in females and 153–162 in males; 19–22 subcaudals in females and 25–31 in males; black dorsum with several creamish white irregular dots sometimes arranged on linear series; cream-white venter with large black blotches generally forming a midventral stripe; moderate body size, females reaching 401 mm and males 351 mm; short to moderate tail size in females (9.2–11% SVL) and moderate in (11.7–15.1% SVL) males; moderate bilobed, slightly semicapitate, and bicalyculate hemipenis (Table 1 in PASSOS et al. 2009).
Among all congeners, Atractus paisa and A. duboisi (Passos et al. [in press] resurrect this species) share the following: 15 dorsal scale rows, generally four infralabials contacting chinshields, black blotched dorsal color pattern with yel- low-cream dots, black pigmented venter with (generally) a midventral stripe. Atractus paisa differs from A. duboisi by having six to seven supralabials, eight to eleven maxillary teeth, three postdiastemal teeth, bicapitate and bicalyculate hemipenis (vs. generally eight supralabials, seven maxillary teeth, two postdiastemal teeth and semicapitate and semi- calyculate hemipenis). Additionally, the new species occurs parapatrically with respect to a possible close relative, Atractus lasallei. Both species share the following suite of characters: 153–167 ventrals in males and 158–172 in females; more than 30 subcaudals in males and more than 25 in females; seven supralabials; seven infralabials; first four infralabials contact- ing chinshields; generally eight maxillary teeth; three post- diastemal teeth; cream snout; pale spots on dorsum; heavily pigmented venter; long, robust, and acuminate caudal spine. Atractus paisa can be diagnosed from A. lasallei by the presence of 15 dorsal scale rows, yellow-cream dots on the dorsum, and a venter with black blotches, forming a midventral stripe (vs. 17 dorsal scale rows, dorsum with three series of white-bordered black dots, uniform black venter or diffusely pigmented, never forming lines or stripes). (Passos et al. 2009) 
Comment 
EtymologyThe specific epithet, to be treated as an indeclinable word, is a Spanish substantive ‘‘paisa’’ used in Colombia to mean ‘‘the countryman from Antioquia Department.’’ It alludes to the distribution of the new species and honors the inhabitants of the Antioquia Department. 
References
  • Passos, Paulo, Juan C. Arredondo, Ronaldo Fernandes and John D. Lynch 2009. Three new Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from the Andes of Colombia. Copeia 2009 (3): 425-436 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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