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Atractus paraguayensis WERNER, 1924

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Cobra-Coral-da-Terra, Cobra-de-Terra-Listrada, Cobrinha-da-Terra, Falsa-Coral 
SynonymAtractus paraguayensis WERNER 1924: 40
Atractus reticulatus paraguayensis — AMARAL 1929: 27
Atractus taeniatus – WILLIAMS & GUDYNAS 1991
Atractus taeniatus – LEMA 1994:106
Atractus taeniatus – PASSOS et al. 2005: 211
Atractus reticulatus – VANZOLINI 2000
Atractus paraguayensis – GIRAUDO & SCROCCHI 2002
Atractus trihedrurus – LEMA 2005
Atractus paraguayensis — PASSOS et al. 2005
Atractus paraguayensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 79
Atractus paraguayensis — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionParaguay, Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios), Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina).

Type locality: Paraguay; restricted to Bernal Cué (25°16’19.16”S; 57°15’24.83”W) by Cabral & Cacciali 2018.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: NMW 23443, adult female, (formerly NHMW = NMW 130), collected by G. Wieninger. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Atractus paraguayensis is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) 15/15/15 smooth dorsal scale rows; (2) usually two postoculars; (3) moderate loreal; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) usually seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; (7) eight or nine maxillary teeth; (8) usually three gular scale rows; (10) 147–167 ventrals in females, 136–162 in males; (11) 19–29 subcaudals in females, 21–33 in males; (12) dorsum beige with black paravertebral blotches, a single vertebral line, or both; (13) venter immaculate creamish white; (14) moderate body size, females reaching 490 mm SVL, males 375 mm SVL; (15) tail moderate in females (9.3– 14.8% SVL), moderate to long (12.7–18.1 % SVL) in males; (16) slightly bilobed, semicapitate, and semicalyculate hemipenis [from PASSOS et al. 2010].


Additional details (38 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy mostly after PASSOS et al. 2010. Vanzolini (2000) and others considered A.paraguayensis as synonym of A.reticulatus. 
EtymologyNamed after its type locality. 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVII. Valor systematico de varias formas de ophidios neotropicos. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 1-68 [1929] - get paper here
  • Cabral-Beconi, Hugo; Cacciali, Pier 2018. On the type locality of Atractus paraguayensis Werner, 1924 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Cuad. herpetol. 32 (1): 59-60 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, P.; Villalba, R. & Yanosky, A.A. 2007. A NEW SPECIES OF ATRACTUS (SERPENTES:COLUBRIDAE: DIPSADINAE) FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF ALTO PARANÁ, PARAGUAY. South American J. Herp. 2 (2): 83-88 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, O.M.; A.D. Abegg. 2013. New record and distribution extension of Atractus paraguayensis Werner, 1924 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Check List 9 (1): 104-105 - get paper here
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Giraudo, A. R., and G. J. Scrocchi 2002. Argentinian Snakes: An Annotated Checklist. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (132): 1-53 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Passos, P., R. Fernandes and Borges-Nojosa, D.M. 2007. A New Species of Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) from a Relictual Forest in Northeastern Brazil. Copeia 2007 (4): 788–797 - get paper here
  • Passos, P., R. Fernandes and N. Zanella 2005. A new species of Atractus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Southern Brazil. Herpetologica 61 (2): 209-218 - get paper here
  • Passos, P.; Fernandes, R.; Bernils, R.S. & Moura-Leite, J.C. de 2010. Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa 2364: 1–63 - get paper here
  • Passos, Paulo; TeixeirA Junior, Mauro; Recoder, Renato S.; Sena, Marco Aurélio de; Vechio, Francisco Dal; Pinto, Hugo Bonfim de A.; Mendonça, Sônia H.S.T.; Cassimiro, José; Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 2013. A new species of Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Serra do Cipó, Espinhaço Range, Southeastern Brazil, with proposition of a new species group to the genus. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 53 (6):75‐85 - get paper here
  • VANZOLINI, P.E. 2000. Notes on the South American reptiles in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 41:135-154 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1924. Neue oder wenig bekannte Schlangen aus dem Naturhistorischen Staatsmuseum in Wien. l. Teil. Sitzungsb. Ber. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Abt. l, 133: 29 - 56 - get paper here
  • Williams,J.D. & Gudynas,E. 1991. Revalidation and redescription of Atractus taeniatus GRIFFIN 1916 (Serpentes,Colubridae). Contribuiciones en Biologia 15: 1-8
  • Zanella N, D'Agostini F 2018. Ecology of the Dipsadidae Atractus paraguayensis from Southern Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-6 - get paper here
  • ZANELLA, N., PAULA, A., GUARAGNI, S.A. & MACHADO, L.S. 2013. Herpetofauna of the Parque Natural Municipal de Sertão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 13(4): 290-299 - get paper here
 
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