Austrelaps ramsayi (KREFFT, 1864)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Highlands Copperhead
Synonym	Hoplocephalus ramsayi KREFFT 1864: 180 Hoplocephalus ramsayi KREFFT 1865: 67 Denisonia superba BOULENGER 1896 (part.) ? Hoplocephalus bransbyi MACLEAY 1878 Hoplocephalus brankysi — GOLDMAN, HILL & STANBURY 1969 (in errore) Austrelaps superbus — COGGER 1983: 218 Austrelaps ramsayi — RAWLINSON 1991 Austrelaps ramsayi — WELCH 1994: 27 Austrelaps ramsayi — COGGER 2000: 771 Austrelaps ramsayi — WILSON & SWAN 2010 Austrelaps ramsayi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 86 Austrelaps ramsayi — MIRTSCHIN et al. 2017
Distribution	Australia (New South Wales, Victoria) Type locality: “neighbourhood of Braidwood", N. S. W.; neotype locality: Moss Vale
Reproduction	ovovivparous
Types	Neotype: AMS R31922, (formerly MAMU R541, MR1362), designated by Rawlinson (1991). Original holotype: AMS 6642, now lost, presented by E.P. Ramsay. Holotype: AM R31922, from Sutton Forest, N. S. W. [Hoplocephalus bransbyi] Neotype: designated by Rawlinson (1991).
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1450 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Formerly included as part of Austrelaps superbus. Venomous!
Etymology	Named after Edward Pearson Ramsay (1842-1916), an Australian naturalist, oologist, and ornithologist who was Curator of the Australian Museum (1874-1894) and remained the museum's consulting ornithologist (1895-1916).
References	Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Blackburn, D.G. & Stewart, J.R. 2011. Viviparity and placentation in snakes. In Aldridge & Sever (eds), Reproductive biology and phylogeny in snakes. CRC Press, pp. 119-181 - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Goldman, J., Hill, L. & Stanbury, P. J. 1969. Type specimens in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. II. Amphibians and Reptiles. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 93: 427-438 - get paper here Krefft, G. 1864. Descriptions of three new species of Australian snakes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864: 180-182 - get paper here Krefft, G. 1865. Description of three new species of Australian snakes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 66-68 - get paper here Macleay, W. 1878. On a new species of Hoplocephalus, from Sutton Forest. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 3: 52-54 - get paper here Mirtschin, P., Rasmussen, A.R. & Weinstein, S.A. 2017. Australia’s Dangerous snakes. CSIRO Publishing, 424 pp. - get paper here Rawlinson P A 1991. Taxonomy and distribution of the Australian tiger snakes (Notechis) and copperheads (Austrelaps) (Serpentes, Elapidae). ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA PROCEEDINGS 103 (2): 125-135 Swan, G.; Sadlier, R.; Shea, G. 2017. A field guide to reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, 328 pp. Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/elapids/elapids.htm http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/elapidae.pdf http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Austrelaps/ramsayi Google images

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