Austrelaps ramsayi (KREFFT, 1864)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	Highlands Copperhead
Synonym	Hoplocephalus ramsayi KREFFT 1864: 180 Hoplocephalus ramsayi KREFFT 1865: 67 Denisonia superba BOULENGER 1896 (part.) ? Hoplocephalus bransbyi MACLEAY 1878 Hoplocephalus brankysi - GOLDMAN, HILL & STANBURY 1969 (in errore) Austrelaps superbus — COGGER 1983: 218 Austrelaps ramsayi — RAWLINSON 1991 Austrelaps ramsayi — WELCH 1994: 27 Austrelaps ramsayi — COGGER 2000: 771 Austrelaps ramsayi — WILSON & SWAN 2010 Austrelaps ramsayi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 86
Distribution	Australia (New South Wales, Victoria) Type locality: “neighbourhood of Braidwood", N. S. W. Map legend: - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map. NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well. We are working on it.
Reproduction	viviparous.
Types	Holotype: not found, from "neighbourhood of Braidwood", N. S. W. Holotype: AM R31922, from Sutton Forest, N. S. W. [Hoplocephalus bransbyi] Neotype: designated by Rawlinson (1991).
Comment	Formerly included as part of Austrelaps superbus. Venomous!
References	Blackburn, D.G. & Stewart, J.R. 2011. Viviparity and placentation in snakes. In Aldridge & Sever (eds), Reproductive biology and phylogeny in snakes. CRC Press, pp. 119-181 Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Goldman, J., Hill, L. & Stanbury, P. J. 1969. Type specimens in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. II. Amphibians and Reptiles. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 93: 427-438 - get paper here Krefft, G. 1864. Descriptions of three new species of Australian snakes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864: 180-182 - get paper here Krefft, G. 1865. Description of three new species of Australian snakes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 66-68 - get paper here Macleay, W. 1878. On a new species of Hoplocephalus, from Sutton Forest. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 3: 52-54 - get paper here Rawlinson P A 1991. Taxonomy and distribution of the Australian tiger snakes (Notechis) and copperheads (Austrelaps) (Serpentes, Elapidae). ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA PROCEEDINGS 103 (2): 125-135 Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
External links	http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/elapids/elapids.htm http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/elapidae.pdf http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Austrelaps/ramsayi Google images

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