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Austrelaps ramsayi (KREFFT, 1864)

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Higher TaxaElapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Highlands Copperhead 
SynonymHoplocephalus ramsayi KREFFT 1864: 180
Hoplocephalus ramsayi KREFFT 1865: 67
Denisonia superba BOULENGER 1896 (part.) ?
Hoplocephalus bransbyi MACLEAY 1878
Hoplocephalus brankysi — GOLDMAN, HILL & STANBURY 1969 (in errore)
Austrelaps superbus — COGGER 1983: 218
Austrelaps ramsayi — RAWLINSON 1991
Austrelaps ramsayi — WELCH 1994: 27
Austrelaps ramsayi — COGGER 2000: 771
Austrelaps ramsayi — WILSON & SWAN 2010
Austrelaps ramsayi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 86
Austrelaps ramsayi — MIRTSCHIN et al. 2017 
DistributionAustralia (New South Wales, Victoria)

Type locality: “neighbourhood of Braidwood", N. S. W.; neotype locality: Moss Vale  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesNeotype: AMS R31922, (formerly MAMU R541, MR1362), designated by Rawlinson (1991). Original holotype: AMS 6642, now lost, presented by E.P. Ramsay.
Holotype: AM R31922, from Sutton Forest, N. S. W. [Hoplocephalus bransbyi]
Neotype: designated by Rawlinson (1991). 
Diagnosis 
CommentFormerly included as part of Austrelaps superbus.

Venomous! 
EtymologyNamed after Edward Pearson Ramsay (1842-1916), an Australian naturalist, oologist, and ornithologist who was Curator of the Australian Museum (1874-1894) and remained the museum's consulting ornithologist (1895-1916). 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Blackburn, D.G. & Stewart, J.R. 2011. Viviparity and placentation in snakes. In Aldridge & Sever (eds), Reproductive biology and phylogeny in snakes. CRC Press, pp. 119-181 - get paper here
  • Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Goldman, J., Hill, L. & Stanbury, P. J. 1969. Type specimens in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. II. Amphibians and Reptiles. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 93: 427-438 - get paper here
  • Krefft, G. 1864. Descriptions of three new species of Australian snakes. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864: 180-182 - get paper here
  • Krefft, G. 1865. Description of three new species of Australian snakes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 66-68 - get paper here
  • Macleay, W. 1878. On a new species of Hoplocephalus, from Sutton Forest. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 3: 52-54 - get paper here
  • Mirtschin, P., Rasmussen, A.R. & Weinstein, S.A. 2017. Australia’s Dangerous snakes. CSIRO Publishing, 424 pp. - get paper here
  • Rawlinson P A 1991. Taxonomy and distribution of the Australian tiger snakes (Notechis) and copperheads (Austrelaps) (Serpentes, Elapidae). ROYAL SOCIETY OF VICTORIA PROCEEDINGS 103 (2): 125-135
  • Swan, G.; Sadlier, R.; Shea, G. 2017. A field guide to reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, 328 pp.
  • Ukuwela, K.D.B., de Silva, A., Sivaruban, A. et al. 2022. Diversity, distribution, and natural history of the marine snakes of Sri Lanka. Marine Biodiversity 52, 24 (2022) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
 
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