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Batagur kachuga (GRAY, 1831)

IUCN Red List - Batagur kachuga - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Red-crowned Roofed Turtle, Painted Roofed Turtle
G: Bengalische Flussschildkröte 
SynonymEmys kachuga GRAY 1831: plate 74
Emys lineata GRAY 1831
Emys Lineata — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 335
Batagur ellioti GRAY 1862
Batagur ellioti — GRAY 1863: 75
Batagur lineata — THEOBALD 1868: 16
Kachuga fusca GRAY 1870
Batagur ellioti — ANDERSON 1871: 154
Kachuga lineata — BOULENGER 1889
Kachuga kachuga — SMITH 1931
Kachuga kachuga — SWAN & LEVITON 1962: 109
Kachuga kachuga — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 162
Kachuga kachuga — DAS 1996: 38
Batagur kachuga — LE et al. 2007
Kachuga kachuga — ROHILLA & TIWARI 2008
Kachuga kachuga — MURTHY 2010: 23
Kachuga kachuga — LENZ 2012
Batagur kachuga — TTWG 2021
Batagur kachuga — TTWG 2025 
DistributionC Nepal,
NE India (Himachal Pradesh), Bangladesh, (primarily in the watershed of the Ganges River)
probably NW Myanmar (= Burma)

Type locality: "India"; restricted by Smith 1931:131, to "N. India."  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: unknown (fide KING & BURKE 1989)
Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.68 (55.12.17.15) [ellioti] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1813 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: partly after RHODIN et al. 2010.

Distribution: possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012 and references therein).

Habitat: freshwater (Rivers and tributaries, estuaries) 
References
  • Anderson, J. 1871. On some Indian reptiles. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1871: 149-211 - get paper here
  • Basu, Dhruvajyoti; Andrew, Harry V.; Singh, Suresh Pal; Singh, Renu; Devi, Kundhave; Mundoli, Seema 2006. First captive breeding record of the Indian painted roofed turtle, Kachuga kachuga. Herpinstance 3(2):7-9.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Das, I. et al. 2008. Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles of India. WWF/WII poster
  • Das, Indraneil & Abhijit Das 2017. A Naturalist’s Guide to the Reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 176 pp.
  • Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. Illustrations of Indian Zoology: chiefly selected from the collection of Major General Hardwicke. Vol. 1, London (1830-1835) - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1862. Notice of two new species of Batagur in the collection of the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1862: 264-265. - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1863. Notice of two new species of Batagur in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 74-75 - get paper here
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Le, Minh; William P. McCord and John B. Iverson 2007. On the paraphyly of the genus Kachuga (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 398-404 - get paper here
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • Moll, E.O. 1986. Survey of the freshwater turtles of India. The genus Kachuga. [2 parts]. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83 (3): 538-552 - get paper here
  • Murthy, T.S.N. 2010. The reptile fauna of India. B.R. Publishing, New Delhi, 332 pp.
  • PRASCHAG, PETER; ROHAN HOLLOWAY, ARTHUR GEORGES, MARTIN PÄCKERT, ANNA K. HUNDSDÖRFER & UWE FRITZ 2009. A new subspecies of Batagur affinis (Cantor, 1847), one of the world’s most critically endangered chelonians (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Zootaxa 2233: 57-68 - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, J., DAS, I., Sengupta, S. 2015. Freshwater Turtles & Tortoises of South Asia. Bhabani Books, 138 pp. - get paper here
  • Rohilla, Manoj S.; Tiwari, Pramod K. 2008. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic relationships among five species of Indian freshwater turtles. Journal of Applied Genetics 49(2):167-182 - get paper here
  • Saikia, U.; Sharma, D.K. & Sharma, R.M. 2007. Checklist of the Reptilian fauna of Himachal Pradesh, India. Reptile Rap (8): 6-9 - get paper here
  • Sirsi, Shashwat; Shailendra Singh, Ashutosh Tripathi, Shawn F. McCracken, Michael R.J. Forstner, and Brian D. Horne 2017. Variation in Reproductive Output of the Red-crowned Roofed Turtle (Batagur kachuga) and the Three-striped Roofed Turtle (Batagur dhongoka) in the Chambal River of North India. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Dec 2017, Vol. 16, No. 2: 203-214. - get paper here
  • Smith, Malcolm A. 1931. The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia Volume I.—Loricata, Testudines. Taylor and Francis, London, 185 pp. - get paper here
  • Swan, L.W., & Leviton, A.E. 1962. The herpetology of Nepal: a history, check list, and zoogeographical analysis of the herpetofauna. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 32 (6) (4.s.): 103-147. - get paper here
  • Theobald, William 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 10: 4-67. - get paper here
  • TTWG [TURTLE TAXONOMY WORKING GROUP: RHODIN, A.G.J., IVERSON, J.B., FRITZ, U., GALLEGO-GARCÍA, N., GEORGES, A., SHAFFER, H.B., AND VAN DuK, P.P.]. 2025. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 10:1-575 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Vetter, H. & P.P van Dijk 2006. Turtles of the world, Vol. 4: East and South Asia. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 4, 160 pp. - get paper here
  • Zug, G.R. & Mitchell, J.C. 1995. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Asiatic Herpetological Research 6: 172-180 - get paper here
 
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