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Batagur affinis (CANTOR, 1847)

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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
SubspeciesBatagur affinis affinis (CANTOR 1847)
Batagur affinis edwardmolli PRASCHAG, HOLLOWAY, GEORGES, PÄCKERT, HUNDSDÖRFER & FRITZ 2009 
Common NamesE: Southern River Terrapin
affinis: Western Malay River Terrapin
edwardmolli: Eastern Malay River Terrapin 
SynonymTetraonyx affinis CANTOR 1847
Batagur affinis — THEOBALD 1868: 16
Batagur affinis — PRASCHAG et al. 2008
Batagur affinis — TTWG 2014
Batagur affinis — TTWG 2021

Batagur affinis edwardmolli PRASCHAG, HOLLOWAY, GEORGES, PÄCKERT, HUNDSDÖRFER & FRITZ 2009
Batagur affinis edwardmolli — TTWG 2014
Batagur affinis edwardmolli — TTWG 2021 
DistributionMyanmar (= Burma) (Irrawaddy River), S Thailand,
S Vietnam, Cambodia, West Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra)

affinis: Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (West), Myanmar (?), Thailand (extirpated?); Type locality: “Pinang” = Penang, Malaysia (see comment)

edwardmolli: eastern Malay Peninsula, Cambodia; once distributed in estuaries surrounding the Gulf of Thailand, extirpated in Vietnam; Type locality: Sre Ambel River system, Koh Kong Province, Cambodia.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesLectotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.31 (designated by PRASCHAG et al. 2008).
Holotype: NMW 38903, Natural History Museum Vienna, juvenile in alcohol (hatched and died in captivity); don. Head Start Centre Sre Ambel, July 2009 [edwardmolli] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (edwardmolli, n=3): Adults differ from nominotypical subspecies of Batagur affinis by their distinctly more elongated head with upturned snout; males with chocolate brown to almost black head (east coast of peninsular Malaysia) or sometimes rusty brown to reddish head (Sre Ambel River system, Cambodia), edges of mouth orange; iris golden or bright yellow. Females and juveniles with conspicuous whitish grey to silvery blotches in temporal and parietal region; hatchlings with distally yellow marginal scutes. For corresponding characters of B. a. affinis, see Table 2 in PRASCHAG et al. 2008).
 
CommentOne of the three syntypes of Tetraonyx affinis from “Pinang” = Penang, Malaysia is a Batagur borneoensis (BMNH 1946.1.22.47) while the two other specimens are Batagur baska sensu lato.

Habitat: B. affinis, B. baska, and B. borneoensis are the only species living in tidal, brackish areas of the estuaries of medium and large rivers (Ernst et al. 2000)

Distribution: not in Singapore or not established there (Figueroa et al. 2023). 
References
  • ARIFIN, UMILAELA; DJOKO T. ISKANDAR and ROSITA ELIANUR 2011. Herpetofauna Diversity Of Karimata Island-Indonesia. Proceedings of the Conference “Biology of the Amphibians in the Sunda Region, South-east Asia”. Organized by Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 28–30 September 2009. pp:1–7. Edited by Indraneil Das et al.. Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conse - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Cantor. T. E. 1847. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and Islands. J Asiat. Soc., Bengal, Calcutta. 16 (2): 607 - 656, 897-952, 1026 - 1078 - get paper here
  • Chen, Pelf Nyok 2017. Conservation of the Southern River Terrapin Batagur affinis (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) in Malaysia: a case study involving local community participation. JoTT 9 (4): 10035–10046 - get paper here
  • Chen, Pelf-Nyok and Eng-Heng Chan. 2014. High hatch rates in Malaysian River Terrapin program are cause for optimism. Turtle Survival 2014: 51-52 - get paper here
  • Ernst, C. H.; Altenburg, R. G. M.; Barbour, R. W. 2000. Turtles of the World. Windows Version 1.2. World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. Expert Center for Taxonomic Identification. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
  • Horne, Brian D. and Heng Sovannara. 2014. Banner Year for the Southern River Terrapin in Cambodia. Turtle Survival 2014: 49 - get paper here
  • Mohd Salleh, M.H.; Esa, Y.; Salleh, S.M.; Mohd Sah, S.A. 2022. Turtles in Malaysia: A Review of Conservation Status and a Call for Research. Animals 12, 2184 - get paper here
  • Moll, E.O., Platt, S.G., Chan, E.H., Horne, B.D., Platt, K., Praschag, P., Chen, P.N., and van Dijk, P.P. 2015. Batagur affinis (Cantor 1847) – Southern River Terrapin, Tuntong. Chelonian Research Monographs 5(8):090.1–17, doi:10.3854/ crm.5.090.affinis.v1.2015 - get paper here
  • PRASCHAG, PETER; ROHAN HOLLOWAY, ARTHUR GEORGES, MARTIN PÄCKERT, ANNA K. HUNDSDÖRFER & UWE FRITZ 2009. A new subspecies of Batagur affinis (Cantor, 1847), one of the world’s most critically endangered chelonians (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Zootaxa 2233: 57-68 - get paper here
  • Praschag, Peter; Sommer, Robert S.; McCarthy, Colin; Gemel, Richard; Fritz, Uwe. 2008. Naming one of the world's rarest chelonians, the southern Batagur. Zootaxa 1758: 61-68 - get paper here
  • Salleh, Mohd Hairul Mohd, Yuzine Esa, Mohamad Syazwan Ngalimat & Pelf Nyok Chen. 2022. Faecal DNA metabarcoding reveals novel bacterial community patterns of critically endangered Southern River Terrapin, Batagur affinis. PeerJ 10: e12970. - get paper here
  • Som, S; Platt, S G; In, H; Phun, T & Horne, B D; 2019. Batagur affinis (Southern River Terrapin) Diet in the wild. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 116-117 - get paper here
  • Theobald, William 1868. Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 10: 4-67. - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J.; van Dijk, P.P.; Iverson, J.B. & Shaffer, H.B. [turtle taxonomy working group] 2010. Turtles of the World, 2010 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v3.2010 - get paper here
  • Zug, G.R. & Mulcahy, D.G. 2019. Identification guide Amphibians and reptiles of South Tanintharyi. Fauna & Flora International, 101 pp.
 
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