Batagur borneoensis (SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER, 1844)

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Higher Taxa	Geoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Painted Terrapin, Biuku G: Callagur-Flussschildkröte
Synonym	Emys borneoensis SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER 1844 (in TEMMINCK) Batagur picta GRAY 1862 Batagur picta — GRAY 1863: 75 Kachuga major GRAY 1873: 166 Callagur picta BOULENGER 1889 Kachuga brookei BARTLETT 1895 Callagur borneensis — DE ROOIJ 1915: 289 Callagur borneoensis — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 142 Callagur borneoensis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 442 Callagur borneoensis — COX et al. 1998: 125 Batagur borneoensis — LE et al. 2007 Batagur borneoensis — TTWG 2021 Batagur borneensis — MOHD-SALLEH et al. 2023 (in error) Batagur borneoensis — TTWG 2025
Distribution	S Thailand, West Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Singapore Type locality: Beluku, Borneo.
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: RMNH 6210 Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.20 (63.10.8.11) [major]
Diagnosis	Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2481 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Picture in Draco 13 (4): 93 (2003). Conservation: This is one of the most endangered turtle species according to a 2003 assessment by the IUCN. Habitat: B. affinis, B. baska, and B. borneoensis are the only species living in tidal, brackish areas of the estuaries of medium and large rivers (Ernst et al. 2000) Karyotype: 2n = 52 (Bickham and Carr, 1983). Relationships: McDowell (1964) thought Callagur borneoensis to be most closely related to Kachuga trivittata, differing from that species in its elongated neural bones, narrower triturating surfaces, and greater size. He suspected C. borneoensis might be the end representative of a single K. kachuga-K. trivittata-C. borneoensis superspecies. Distribution: see map in TTWG 2025.
Etymology	Named after its distribution on Borneo (Indonesia).
References	Auliya, M. 2006. Taxonomy, Life History, and conservation of giant reptiles in west Kalimantan. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 432 pp. - get paper here Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp. de Rooij, N. de 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 384 pp. - get paper here Ernst, C. H.; Altenburg, R. G. M.; Barbour, R. W. 2000. Turtles of the World. Windows Version 1.2. World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. Expert Center for Taxonomic Identification. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London FIGUEROA, ALEX; MARTYN E.Y. LOW, KELVIN K.P. LIM 2023. Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution. Zootaxa 5287 (1): 001–378 - get paper here Gray, J. E. 1862. Notice of two new species of Batagur in the collection of the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1862: 264-265. - get paper here Gray, J. E. 1863. Notice of two new species of Batagur in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 74-75 - get paper here Gray,J.E. 1873. On the original form, development, and cohesion of the bones of the sternum of chelonians; with notes on the skeleton of Sphargis. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 11: 161-172 - get paper here Grossmann, W. 1986. Das Portrait: Callagur borneoensis (SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER). Sauria 8 (4): 1-2 - get paper here Guntoro, Joko 2012. The Body Size and Some Field Notes of Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) in District of Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 1 (2): 74 -77 - get paper here Kopstein, F. 1938. Ein Beitrag zur Eierkunde und zur Fortpflanzung der Malaiischen Reptilien. Bull. Raffles Mus. No 14: 81-167 Kusrini, M. D., Tohir, R. K., Hasibuan, M. M., Aprilianti, R., Sunarto, S., Mardiastuti, A., ... & Chao, N. 2025. Research trends and outlook for Indonesia’s most threatened land vertebrates. Oryx, 1-11 - get paper here Le, Minh; William P. McCord and John B. Iverson 2007. On the paraphyly of the genus Kachuga (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 398-404 - get paper here Ludwig, Maxim; Auer, Markus; Fritz, Uwe 2007. Phalangeal formulae of geoemydid terrapins (Batagur, Callagur, Hardella, Heosemys, Kachuga, Orlitia, Pangshura, Rhinoclemmys) reflect distinct modes of life. Amphibia-Reptilia 28 (4): 574-576 - get paper here Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. (ISBN 3-931587-12-6) - get paper here McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2003. Chelonian Illustrations #10. Monotypic genera of the family Geoemydidae. Reptilia (GB) (30): 34-38 - get paper here Mertens, Robert. 1937. Ueber Callagur borneoensis (Schlegel & Müller), eine seltene Brackwasser-Schildkröte. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 48 (7): 150-151 Mohd Salleh, M.H.; Esa, Y.; Salleh, S.M.; Mohd Sah, S.A. 2022. Turtles in Malaysia: A Review of Conservation Status and a Call for Research. Animals 12, 2184 - get paper here Moll, Edward O.; Matson, Kevin E.; Krehbiel, Eugene B. 1981. Sexual and seasonal dichromatism in the Asian river turtle Callagur borneoensis. Herpetologica 37 (4):181-194 - get paper here Pfau, Beate & Markus Monzel 2022. Die DGHT als Expertenorganisation bei der Überarbeitung des EU-Aktionsplans gegen den illegalen Artenhandel. Elaphe 2022 (5): 38-45 Saputra, S., Kurniawan, N., Arisoesilaningsih, E., & Retnaningdyah, C. 2020. Morphometric Characteristics Of Tuntong Laut (Batagur Borneoensis) Various Ages Found In Aceh Tamiang. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(3), 2642-2650 - get paper here Schilde, M. 2004. Asiatische Sumpfschildkröten - Die Familie Geoemydidae in Südostasien, China und Japan. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here Schlegel,H. & Müller,S. 1844. Over de Schildpadden van den Indischen Archipel. In: Temminck,V. (1839-1847) Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, door de leden der Natuurkundige Commisie in Oost-Indie en andere schrijvers. Leijden folio. Afd. 1 Zoologie in 12 afleveringen, met - get paper here Stanford, C.B. et al. 2020. Turtles and Tortoises Are in Trouble. Current Biology 30: R721–R735 - get paper here TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here TTWG [TURTLE TAXONOMY WORKING GROUP: RHODIN, A.G.J., IVERSON, J.B., FRITZ, U., GALLEGO-GARCÍA, N., GEORGES, A., SHAFFER, H.B., AND VAN DuK, P.P.]. 2025. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 10:1-575 - get paper here TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.bvet.admin.ch/artenschutz/d/vollzugshilfen/as112/emydidae/1… http://www.wwfmalaysia.org/rescenter/Photo7.htm http://www.seafdec.org/mfrdmd/mfrdmd007.html http://www.panda.org/resources/publications/species/underthreat/page27.htm Google images

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