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Boiga dendrophila (BOIE, 1827)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesBoiga dendrophila annectens (BOULENGER 1896)
Boiga dendrophila dendrophila (BOIE 1827)
Boiga dendrophila divergens TAYLOR 1922
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854)
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata (BOULENGER 1896)
Boiga dendrophila levitoni GAULKE, DEMEGILLO & VOGEL 2005
Boiga dendrophila multicincta (BOULENGER 1896)
Boiga dendrophila occidentalis BRONGERSMA 1934 
Common NamesE: Gold-ringed Cat Snake, Mangrove Snake, Ularburong
G: Mangroven-Nachtbaumnatter 
SynonymDipsas dendrophila BOIE 1827: 549
Dipsas dendrophila — WAGLER 1828
Dipsadomorphus dendrophilus — ANDERSSON 1916: 32
Naja celebensis AHL 1933: 580
Dipsadomorphus dendrophilus — LIDTH DE JEUDE 1922
Boiga dendrophila — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 321
Boiga dendrophila — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Boiga dendrophila — WALLACH et al. 2014: 102
Boiga dendrophilla — KHOERUNISA et al. 2021 (in error)

Boiga dendrophila annectens (BOULENGER 1896)
Boiga dendrophila annectens — ROOIJEN & ROOIJEN 2004
Boiga dendrophila annectens — KRUG 2017
Boiga dendrophila annectens — WEINELL et al. 2021

Boiga dendrophila divergens TAYLOR 1922
Boiga dendrophila divergens TAYLOR 1922: 201
Boiga dendrophila divergens — SILER et al. 2011
Boiga dendrophila divergens — MCLEOD et al. 2011
Boiga dendrophila divergens — BROWN et al. 2012
Boiga dendrophila divergens — BROWN et al. 2013
Boiga dendrophila divergens — WEINELL et al. 2020

Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854)
Triglyphodon gemmi-cinctum — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1091
Boiga dendrophila atra KOPSTEIN 1936
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta — VOGEL 2000
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta — GROEN 2008
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta — WANGER et al 2011
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta — SCHMIDT 2012
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta — KOCH 2012
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta — LAITA 2013
Boiga dendrophila gemmicincta — GLÄSSER-TROBISCH & TROBISCH 2020

Boiga dendrophila latifasciata (BOULENGER 1896)
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata — VOGEL 2000
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata — SANGUILA et al. 2016
Boiga dendrophila latifasciata — KRUG 2017

Boiga dendrophila levitoni GAULKE, DEMEGILLO & VOGEL 2005
Boiga dendrophila levitoni — GAULKE 2011: 246
Boiga dendrophila levitoni — GAULKE 2019: 48
Boiga dendrophila levitoni — WEINELL et al. 2021

Boiga dendrophila multicincta (BOULENGER 1896)
Dipsadomorphus dendrophilus multicinctus BOULENGER 1896: 71
Dipsadomorphus dendrophilus var. multicincta — BOETTGER 1898
Boiga dendrophila multicincta — BRONGERSMA 1934: 216
Boiga dendrophila multicincta — MINTON & DUNSON 1978
Boiga dendrophila multicincta — WEINELL et al. 2019

Boiga dendrophila occidentalis BRONGERSMA 1934
Boiga dendrophila occidentalis BRONGERSMA 1934
Dipsadomorphus dendrophilus — WERNER 1900
Boiga dendrophila occidentalis — VOGEL 2000
Boiga dendrophila occidentalis — WEINELL et al. 2021 
DistributionIndonesia (Bangka, Belitung, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Riau Archipelago, Sumatra, Natuna islands); Cambodia, Myanmar,
W Malaysia (Malaya; Johor: Pulau Sibu); Thailand; Vietnam, Philippines (Panay)

annectens: Indonesia (Kalimantan, Borneo); Brunei Darussalam; Malaysia (East Malaysia). Type locality: Borneo.

dendrophila: Indonesia (Java); Type locality: Java

divergens: Philippines (Luzon, Polillo); Type locality: Mount Makiling, Laguna Province, Luzon.

gemmicincta: Indonesia (Sulawesi, incl. Togian): Type locality: restricted to Sulawesi by BRONGERSMA 1934.

latifasciata:Philippines (Mindanao); Type locality: Zamboanga and Butuan, Mindanao.

levitoni: Panay (and probably other islands of the West Visayas region); Type locality: Sitio Batiw, Barangay Badiangan, Municipality of Pandan, Province Antique, Panay, Philippines.

multicincta: Philippines (Balabac, Palawan); Type locality: restricted to Puerto Princesa, Palawan by BRONGERSMA 1934.

occidentalis: Indonesia (Babi, Batu Archipelago, Nias, Sumatra); Type locality: Nias.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: RMNH 932
Holotype: CM 2143 [divergens]
Syntypes: MNHN-RA 3826-3827 and MNHN-RA 7626 (3 syntypes) [gemmicincta]
Holotype: BMNH [latifasciata]
Holotype: PNM 7940 [levitoni]
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.4.91 [melanota]
Holotype: BMNH [multicincta]
Holotype: ZMA.RENA 10986 [occidentalis]
Holotype: BMNH 1965, collected by H. Low [annectens] 
Diagnosis 
CommentPhylogenetics: DNA barcodes suggested multiple species within this species (Laopichienpong et al. 2016). Weinell et al. 2020 elevated Boiga dendrophila melanota (BOULENGER 1896) to full species status and indicated the future elevation of B. d. annectens, B. d. levitoni, B. d. divergens and B. d. occidentalis to full species. However, Weinell et al. 2021 did not follow through with the latter recommendation. They also found that gemmicincta is closely related to dendrophila and may not warrant subspecies status.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

Distribution: Reports from Singapore represent D. melanota. See also Figueroa et al. 2023. Not in Borneo fide Das 2023. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek dendron = tree and philos = loved, dear. 
References
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