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Bothrops moojeni HOGE, 1966

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Brazilian Lancehead
Portuguese: Boipeva, Bopeva, Caiçaca, Caiçara, Caissaca, Jaracuçu, Jararaca, Jararaca-de-Vereda, Jararaca-do-Cerrado, Jararacão, Jararaquinha-do-Rabo-Branco 
SynonymBothrops moojeni HOGE 1966
Bothrops moojeni — CEI 1993
Bothrops moojeni — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 267
Bothrops moojeni — MONZEL & WÜSTER 2008
Bothrops moojeni — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops moojeni — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothrops moojeni — WALLACH et al. 2014: 118
Bothrops moojeni — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Piaui, Parana, Sao Paulo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goias, Maranhao, Bahia), E Bolivia,
E Paraguay (Canindeyu etc. [HR 30: 53]), Argentina (Misiones)

Type locality: Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.  
Reproductionovovivparous, facultative parthenogenesis (Cubides-Cubillos et al. 2020) 
TypesHolotype: IBSP (= IB) 23397. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Bothrops moojeni is distinguished from all congeners and from species of Bothrocophias and Bothriopsis by the following combination of characters: (1) lacunolabial present; (2) dorsal keels nontuberculate; (3) infralabials and gulars immaculate; (4) canthorostrals absent; (5) subcaudals divided; (6) ventrals 179–210 and subcaudals 44–70 (Campbell and Lamar 1989); (7) loreal subtriangular; (8) canthals narrow and separated by 4–7 scales; (9) internasals in contact (33%, 9) or separated by 1–2 scales; (10) postocular stripe absent or dark brown to gray and narrow: less than one temporal high; (11) dorsum gray to brown, pattern of subtriangular blotches; venter cream with very diffuse if any pigmentation except on edges; distinctive wavy occipital stripe extending onto neck (Harvey 2005: 19) 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: May be conspecific with B. atrox.

Distribution: See map in Harvey 2005: 14 (Fig. 9). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Joao Moojen de Oliveira (1904-1985), a Brazilian zoologist who collected extensively from the 1930s to the 1950s. 
References
  • Almeida-Santos, Selma Maria; Verônica Alberto Barros, Claudio Augusto Rojas, Letícia Ruiz Sueiro, Roberto Harutomi Corrêa Nomura 2017. Reproductive Biology of the Brazilian Lancehead, Bothrops moojeni (Serpentes, Viperidae), from the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. South American J. Herp. 12 (2): 174-181. - get paper here
  • Andrade D. V.; Abe A. S. 2000. Water collection by the body in a viperid snake, Bothrops moojeni. Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (4): 485-492 - get paper here
  • Andrade, D.V., A.S. Abe & M.C. dos Santos 1996. Is the Venom Related to Diet and Tail Color During Bothrops moojeni Ontogeny? Journal of Herpetology 30 (2): 285-288. - get paper here
  • Araújo dos Santos, Cirley Gomes; Rinneu Elias Borges, Marcelino Benvindo Souza, Rhayane Alves Assis, Josilene Maria Souza, Lia Raquel de Souza Santos 2020. First predation record by Bothrops moojeni (Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae) on Physalaemus nattereri (Anura, Leptodactylidae) in the Cerrado, Central Brazil. Herpetology Notes 13: 781-782 - get paper here
  • ARAUJO, C.O. & ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. 2011. Herpetofauna de um remanescente de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11(3): 47-62 - get paper here
  • ARAUJO, C.O. & ALMEIDA-SANTOS, S.M. 2011. Herpetofauna in a cerrado remnant in the state of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. [in Portuguese] Biota Neotropica 11 (3): 47-62 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Betzel, R.L., Bernardo, L.R. & Silva-Soares, T. 2018. Bothrops moojeni (Caicaca; Brazilian Lancehead) Diet. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 124-125. - get paper here
  • Buongermini P., Emilio;Waller, Tomas 1999. Geographic distribution. Bothrops moojeni. Herpetological Review 30 (1): 53 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Camera, Bruno Felipe, Dionei José Da Silva, Manoel Dos Santos Filho, Vitor A. Campos and Gustavo Rodrigues Canale. 2014. Bothrops moojeni (Brazilian lancehead) diet. Herpetological Review 45 (4): 705 - get paper here
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  • De Moura, Mario Ribeiro, Vitor Dias Fernandes, João Victor de Andrade Lacerda, Diego José Santana, Jussara Santos Dayrell, Luiz Henrique Rocha Lima and Renato Neves Feio. 2010. Bothrops moojeni: Diet. Herpetological Review 41 (3): 362 - get paper here
  • Dutra, N.C.L.; Telles, M.P.C.; Dutra, D.L. & Silva Júnior, N.J. 2008. Genetic diversity in populations of the viper Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 in Central Brazil using RAPD markers. Genetics and Molecular Research 7 (3): 603-613 - get paper here
  • D’AMÉLIO, FERNANDA; HUGO VIGERELLI, ÁLVARO ROSSAN DE BRANDÃO PRIETO DA SILVA, & IRINA KERKIS 2021. Bothrops moojeni venom and its components–an overview. Journal of Venom Research 11: 26–33. - get paper here
  • Esteves, I., Honório, N.R., Amorim, C.E.S. & Costa, H.C. 2023. Predação de Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) por Bothrops moojeni (Squamata, Viperidae) e revisão dos predadores da espécie. Herpetologia Brasileira. 11(3):98–105. -- - get paper here
  • Fabrício-Neto, Ailton; Rodrigo Samuel Bueno Gavira, and Denis Vieira Andrade 2016. Keratophagy in captive Bothrops moojeni (Serpentes: Viperidae). Phyllomedusa 15 (2): 201-202 - get paper here
  • FENWICK, ALLYSON M.; RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR, JENNAFER A. EVANS, CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3): 617-640 - get paper here
  • Ferraz, D; Andrade, M S; De França, D P F & Ramalho, W P; 2019. Bothrops moojeni (Caiçaca, Brazilian Lancehead) Habitat. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 150 - get paper here
  • Ferreto Fiorillo, Bruno; Alexandro Marques Tozetti, Marcio Martins 2020. Habitat use by five species of sympatric pitvipers (Bothrops, Crotalus) in a Brazilian savannah. Herpetology Notes 13: 951-960 - get paper here
  • Fiorillo, B. F., Maciel, J. H., & Martins, M. 2021. Composition and natural history of a snake community from the southern Cerrado, southeastern Brazil. ZooKeys 1056: 95-147 - get paper here
  • Fiorillo, B. F., Nali, R. C. & Prado, C. P. A. 2012. Bothrops moojeni (Brazilian lancehead) diet. Herpetological Review 43: 656 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Daniel O. Mesquita, Cristiano C. Nogueira, and Alexandre F. B. Araújo 2008. Phylogeny and Ecology Determine Morphological Structure in a Snake Assemblage in the Central Brazilian Cerrado. Copeia 2008 (1): 23-38 - get paper here
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Freitas, Marco Antonio de; Guarino R. Colli, Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto, Luiz Trinchão, Daniel Araújo, Tiago de Oliveira Lima, Daniella Pereira Fagundes de França, Renato Gaiga, Pedro Dias 2016. Snakes of Cerrado localities in western Bahia, Brazil. Check List 12 (3): 1896 - get paper here
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  • Guerra, V., Ramalho, W. P., Machado, I. F., & Brandão, R. A. 2022. Herpetofauna of the Serra do Tombador Nature Reserve, State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Arquivos de Zoologia, 53(3), 33-51 - get paper here
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  • Nogueira, C., R.J. Sawaya & M. Martins 2003. Ecology of the Pitviper, Bothrops moojeni, in the Brazilian Cerrado Journal of Herpetology 37 (4): 653-659. - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
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